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Comment by zzzcpan | Hacker News Reader

> A good type system (e.g Rust's, Haskell's..) can eliminate all type errors from your programs.

Do you consider silently trimming value during mandatory explicit type conversion a type error?

No, because if you explicitly converted to another type, that's what you wanted.

Sometimes you want it to be lossy, but not most of the time, and yet there is no choice. I had a bug caused by that, that's why I remember it. Silent explicit type conversions are essentially unsafe.

What do you mean by "silent explicit type conversion"? If you said "silent type conversion" I'd read that as "implicit type conversion". But you said "explicit", which means you've got it very clearly in your code that you're doing a type conversion (to a smaller type), so what's silent about that?

Silent in terms of compiler not complaining.

Why would the compiler complain? Doing a narrowing type conversion is a perfectly legitimate thing to do. So when you ask the compiler to do it, it should.

It forces you to explicitly say that you know you're forcing a value into a narrower type; I think the fact that might mean loss of information is understood, by definition. What would you like it to do?

I would like it to tell me if I accidentally converted to a narrower type. This is a problem, because I don't necessary see the type I'm converting from due to type inference or simply am too far from the context where that type is declared and have to make assumptions to keep going. These assumptions of course fail sometimes and cause bugs. Same problem with precisions, by the way. I'm not sure how exactly compilers should fix this, the easiest fix seems to simply have different operators to explicitly allow lossy conversions, when necessary. But the bigger deal would be to treat numbers as sets of possible values with solvers or whatever to warn about mistakes where you use unhandled values in the code somewhere.

Rust actually has this, this works:

    fn main() {
        let x = 5i32;
        let y: i64 = x.into();
        println!("{}", y);
    }

this doesn't work:

    fn main() {
        let x = 5i32;
        let y: i16 = x.into();
        println!("{}", y);
    }

you have to write:

    fn main() {
        let x = 5i32;
        let y = x as i16;
        println!("{}", y);
    }

where `as` has the potential of being lossy!

I agree that this is where we should be headed; it seems to me that Liquid Haskell, which was submitted to HN recently[1], could actually do what you need, since it uses an SMT solver to check for preconditions.

The casting function could specify the valid input values, and force the programmer to handle the rest of the cases when the input type is wider.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13125328

> Silent explicit type conversions are essentially unsafe.

This is a contradiction, something cannot be both silent and explicit.

Sounds like an implicit conversion.

In Rust, lossy conversions only occur if you you explicitly write `var as type` and even that syntax is limited to certain types e.g. you can't coerce an integer to a function. In order to do something crazy like that, you'd need to call the unsafe `mem::transmute` function. The language cannot be much safer in this regard short of disallowing any sort of type conversions.

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