Obamacare puts limits on the deductible for various types of common visits and procedures.
As an example (though I'm unsure if this is in particular a federal or state mandate in California), the maximum deductible for child delivery is much less than a typical policy's maximum deductible in the aggregate. Our deductible on our family policy is $3,500, I think; but we only had to cut a check for a fraction of that.
So when people say they have a $5,000 deductible, it absolutely does not mean that most care is entirely out-of-pocket. In fact, most routine preventative care has a very low deductible. Otherwise, as you said, it would basically be worthless to almost everybody.