All of them except phones made/designed/whatever by Google. That leaves you the Nexus and Pixel lines only. There's a fair bit more oversight there and no shady third-party ROM with 'helpful' spying applications shipped by default (and often uninstallable). Nor do carriers get to modify the ROM themselves or install their own apps.

Android is pretty much a wasteland outside of the Nexus/Pixel line. Ignoring security and privacy, you just have a lot of shovelware involved along with a lack of commitment to timely, or if any, updates.

I would feel confident a Nexus/Pixel is a secure and nonsense free as a phone running CyanogenMod. Of course, that's difficult to prove, but historically we haven't seen anything like this on a Nexus/Pixel device.