To be fair that's just vanilla English orthography.
Do you think it is because other programming languages don't uses the semi-colon that way? Or that periods are usually used to access class members, but not to finish function declarations?
The two clauses separated by a semicolon are sentences; thus the semicolon is logically and grammatically equivalent to a full stop. (As long as you normalise the capitalisation). The difference is in nuance, flow, and other soft things.
So when do you use a semicolon instead of a full stop? Whenever you want to!
The really difficult punctuation mark in English is the full colon.