But in fact, the original (pre-pollution) population had something like 10% black moths. They were still there, despite a few million years of evolutionary pressure against their coloring. (Perhaps because burned trees would occur sometimes over the years.) When the trees turned black, the population shifted to 90% black moths. When the trees turned back to white, the population reverted back to 90% white moths. No evolution of a new feature, just a shift in the distribution of existing genes under changing selection pressure.