Quantum teleportation is actually kind of the opposite. You transmit a quantum state (which if your particle is as simple as a photon, can be used to create a copy of the particle) by using an already-separated entangled pair and sending two classical bits any boring old way (fiber, wire, smoke signals).

If you don't get the classical information on the receiving end, any attempts to read the quantum state will garble the quantum transmission such that it'll be indistinguishable from random noise. Since those classical bits are limited by the speed of light, so is the overall transmission of the state.