Some alternative cryptocurrencies were created using memory-hard hash functions. Litecoin uses scrypt, for example.
That's one of the things argon2 (https://github.com/P-H-C/phc-winner-argon2) is trying to fix, though I don't think any cryptocurrencies are using it yet (which is reasonable, it's just too young)
As I argue in [1], "in order to keep verification cheap, hash functions in Hashcash must restrict their resource usage as well. That’s why scrypt is configured to use only 128KB of memory."
To achieve ASIC-resistance, one should avoid Hashcash in favor of asymmetric proof of work systems, where proof attempts can take huge amounts of memory even while verification is instant and memory less.
[1] http://cryptorials.io/beyond-hashcash-proof-work-theres-mini...