The Twelve-Factor Methodology is a sensible set of guidelines/defaults for building a modern app, as written by Heroku.
Don't blindly follow it As It Was Written without thinking. Seriously, do what works. Use your brain. Using this statement as an argument against other methods is sending the wrong message.
In this case, we have code and [configuration] data. The data can and will vary considerably while reusing the same code. They should be separate so data changes don't require recompilation. Further, any change of code can change its behavior. Better to have code that's already vetted via review and testing to handle specific types of input data. That way you can keep changing the data without re-assessing the code. There's also a minor benefit in efficiency when you can re-use binaries already created and integration tested while just generating new configuration data. Those minor things can add up if you're constrained in CPU/memory.
This is the complete opposite of my experience. We deploy new code to production 10 times per day and change configuration a couple of times per month.
What do you keep in configuration that changes this often?