Yes, cfront could be considered a transpiler, but the term wasn't coined back then.

IRs, ASTs and bytecodes are not programming languages. If you insist otherwise because "some might consider it that way", you have no business criticizing the use of words, to be honest.

There are textual representations for these things, but even then people rarely program in those (LISP being an exception). Assembly language is a textual representation for humans to read and sometimes program in. If you have some program that actually translates to assembly language as a target, by all means, call it a transpiler if you want.