> 1. Did you get the 4-hr job after a history of working full-time for the company?
Yes, I worked full time for about 3 years. I established myself as someone that focused on the customer, company, and group's interest over my own. Once you successfully do that, you establish a strong sense of trust and can then start making requests that benefit you. Note I am an independent contractor.
> Or are there companies looking for people to work reduced hours?
If you are competent and your team relies on you to help make important decisions, then your employer will do what it takes to keep you.
> 2. "Given that its 4 hrs, is it a live-able wage?"
Somewhat. I wouldn't have reduced my hours without first having a little secondary income. After sometime, I reduced my hours to 35 hours a week (9 to 5 plus hour lunch), then I was able to work on side projects and get income properties. Once my side project started making $2k/mo and income property netted over $1k/mo, I reduced my work hours considerably.
> Does the job pay more per-hour just because its reduced hours?
No, but that has to do more with my personal negotiation strategy. I value working less hours and flexible deadlines. In good conscience I have to then offer a concession such as not raising my bill rate for a few years.