This research project used iridium, which is a problem. Total world production of iridium is only about 10 metric tons a year, and it sells for about $14,000/kg. A production technology is going to need something cheaper.
This research project used iridium, which is a problem. Total world production of iridium is only about 10 metric tons a year, and it sells for about $14,000/kg. A production technology is going to need something cheaper.
http://www.anl.gov/articles/stable-superoxide-opens-door-new...
This research from MIT is entirely different. It doesn't use iridium at all.
It's actually quite interesting how they solved this problem (in comparison to Argonne's approach). To quote the press release:
The secret to the new formulation is creating minuscule particles, at the nanometer scale (billionths of a meter), which contain both the lithium and the oxygen in the form of a glass, confined tightly within a matrix of cobalt oxide. The researchers refer to these particles as nanolithia. In this form, the transitions between LiO2, Li2O2, and Li2O can take place entirely inside the solid material, he says. The nanolithia particles would normally be very unstable, so the researchers embedded them within the cobalt oxide matrix, a sponge-like material with pores just a few nanometers across. The matrix stabilizes the particles and also acts as a catalyst for their transformations.
http://news.mit.edu/2016/new-lithium-oxygen-battery-greatly-...
http://li.mit.edu/Archive/Papers/16/Zhu16KushimaNatureEnergy...
The MIT paper has more useful info. The materials used were only lithium, cobalt, iron, and potassium. All of those are abundant. They claim the battery is stable during overcharging, and only loses 1-2% of capacity in 130 cycles.
If this is real, it's a big deal.
So while lithium-oxygen is possibly more correct, both seem to be valid usage.
[1] - https://news.mit.edu/2016/new-lithium-oxygen-battery-greatly...
[2] - http://www.anl.gov/cnm/articles/lithium-air-battery-based-li...
...
[PDF] http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/platinum/my...
On page 4, it says 2014 global consumption of Ir was 6100kg. (3rd last para).
...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium
Wikipedia article para 2 says global consumption and production is three tonnes.
...
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-02-19/iridium-cl...
This (2014) article estimates global production as 129,000 ounces to 322,000 ounces, which is about 3500 kg to 9000 kg.
Basically the question was why gold and not silver, platinum, etc., as the desireable metal for commerce/jewelry. The answer lies in golds uniqueish properties, it is rare (not the rarest), it is unique in color (platinum is hard to distinguish from other metals by sight), where gold is confused for other things or to determine its quality a simple bite test will determine its quality, without needing to melt it down (unlike silver colored metals), it's soft enough to be easily formed into jewelry.
http://densoautoparts.com/iridium-power-spark-plug-configura...