1) The "culture" that management and recruiters talk about 2) The way that @cauterized talks about, which includes all the subtle and not-so-subtle ways that people work and interact in the company
1 is complete bullshit. It's the equivalent of (unironic) motivational posters, and is just a series of buzzwords for PR.
2 is very real, but it's not something you can easily see from the outside, and it's not something you'll ever get an honest answer on in an interview. The best way is to have a friend in the company that will tell you exactly how things work.