I haven't used Atom much, so I can't make a truly educated comparison, but from what I remember the speed difference was staggering when typing. At the time I used vim, and now primarily use Sublime, both of which I almost never have slowdown with (the only time I ever recall having Sublime crawl was when I was compiling a massive program that ate my entire CPU). Atom didn't lag horribly but it was noticeable.
I've been somewhat curious about Atom lately, especially when I dealt with how slow stylelint was when linting through Sublime (1s+...), whereas Atom doesn't have this problem because it already runs a Node process, but really there haven't been any real impetuses to switch to another editor.
If I were deciding between the two without owning Sublime, I'd probably go with Atom first because it's free, then if I found it to be lacking, be it through customization, plugins (if I liked Python over Node for plugin writing, for example), or speed, I would probably go with Sublime.