yes, you can. I created a plugin for Cordova/React Native/NativeScript that does this:

https://github.com/transistorsoft/cordova-background-geoloca...

https://github.com/transistorsoft/react-native-background-ge...

Here I am driving around Iceland with my sample app, completely in background. Tracking engages automatically when device is detected to be moving.

http://www.transistorsoft.com/lab/iceland