Far less nefarious, but it reminds me of the guy that bought every jello pudding cup in town in order to accrue millions of frequent flier miles...
But, to offer a slightly better summary:
Voltaire earned ~ half a million livres over about a year after discovering a broken lottery with a mathematician friend. The guy in charge of the lottery was fired, and the lottery was cancelled.
Voltaire used that money for additional investments, substantially increasing his wealth and allowing him to freely pursue his writing. The mathematician used his winnings to fund scientific research and expeditions.
Directly from the article: "As he later observed, “If you want to make a fortune in this country, it is enough to read the king’s orders-in-council.” In other words, if you want to get lucky, read the small print."
Said mathematician was Charles Marie de La Condamine, maybe he isn't too well known abroad but the guy also discovered rubber (well, for the Occident of course, the natives knew it already), a malaria treatment, and measured the shape of the Earth (to confirm Newton's hypothesis that the poles would be flattened) in a great expedition to Peru.
So he's a reasonably important 18th century man who wasn't only a mathematician.