Meanwhile, talking to the prof and being willing to work a little bit can get you into graduate level history courses even if History is not your major and you've taken next to no History courses. An interest in the subject, time to read, and writing skills honed by other subjects are all you really need. For this reason, I'd argue that History is a great minor to take with a science major, but perhaps not the other way around if you plan to work in a technical field. It's definitely possible for a science major to dive into a senior level undergraduate or graduate history course intended for history majors. Arguably, this is more rewarding that taking a course intended to be an easy option for non-majors.
At my university, UCSC, math and CS courses tended to be "structured" in the opposite way -- once you'd completed a modest suite of lower-division courses, you tended to be qualified for almost every upper-division course. I assume this was meant to make it easier for people to graduate on time.
The considerable downside was that nearly every class devoted a substantial percentage of the total time to review at the beginning.
Almost all CS programs are relatively flat, but many science programs have longer chains of linear or parallel pre-reqs.
Math programs differ from both because long chains of pre-reqs in Math often correspond to required maturation rather than required knowledge (e.g. the Calc sequence as a pre-req for algebra courses).
I'm not sure whether I agree with you regarding math. I think pre-requisites should reflect required knowledge accurately, and should leave required maturation to the student and his/her instructor. Requiring the calculus sequence prior to courses that contain no calculus strikes me as a silly historical accident, for example.
Sure, but I haven't said anything about that.