Not at all. Big networks might be popular within particular groups, and they have certainly achieved impressive results on a number of tasks recently, but it's not the solution to every problem. There are a number of other approaches - just browse over the number of subsections on image segmentation on wiki, for example:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_segmentation
or, perhaps more appropriately, take a look at the methods used in recent papers on image segementation:
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_ylo=2016&q=%22image+se...
No, a majority of the object recognition work I've seen, is done with 'expert' crafted features. Machine learning can for example boost the performance of these features. Another interesting thing is that the machine learning features often require more staff, so they receive a disproportional emphasis.