As far back as 1995, the association of banks here in Portugal created the PMB ("Porta-moedas Multibanco") which was a chip-and-pin card made for small transactions, and which didn't require neither a bank account nor an Internet connection to pay for stuff.

One would load it on either an ATM (using your regular debit card) or an authorized shop (using cash), and the card itself would store the balance.

They eventually discontinued in 2006, since it didn't really caught on.