As I said earlier I don't think you can learn it in a book.

A short read : http://www.bakadesuyo.com/2015/01/grit/ ( A Navy SEAL Explains 8 Secrets To Grit And Resilience)

A previous ask HN on this topic but it didn't get many comments : https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10048402

Seneca and Epictetus, two Roman Stoics, have stood the test of time. They're not "the" recommended books, they just might be of interest to you.

Brene Brown talks about this a fair bit in her work. I apologize for not remembering which specific book of hers I read that touches on this; there's apparently a new one (which I haven't read yet) that covers the topic specifically.

If you're curious, check out her two TED talks (in order): "the power of vulnerability" and "the power of shame". I'm pretty sure the second one talks a bit about resilience, and the first one sets up some context.

Her books are generally quite excellent as well, and I'll definitely be picking up a copy of Rising Strong to once again complete the library

Viktor Frankl's Man's Search for Meaning.