How would that work? My understanding of async is that it's a way of interacting with IO. So how would the examples you give (additional, while loops) behave asynchronously, since they don't involve IO? (Except for maybe memory IO..?)
I think the idea most similar to what the grandparent wants is instruction-level dataflow, where programs are DAGs, and instructions are only run when their inputs are ready, rather than when a program counter reaches them.
Physical dataflow machines were built that did this in hardware.
At a low level, that's exactly what modern CPUs do.
http://docs.openstack.org/developer/taskflow/
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/taskflow
And yes u can do things like built equation solvers to:
http://docs.openstack.org/developer/taskflow/examples.html#l...
And other neat things: