Two years ago I moved to Berlin from a different country and it took me 6 months to get my own apartment. Which was pretty good, because I knew someone who was leaving and he vouched for me. Then I understood that I subletted from someone who was subletted from another one who rented from company who rented from owner.
Normally you need credit score, letter of recommendation from previous slave-own^Wland lord. Then you can try to rent one. By which I mean you go there with 20 other people and land lord does... casting. They pick the best tenant out of quite big group.
Truly, the best way to rent!