Considering how narrow the Turkish strip of land is, I don't think where the pilot (and wreckage?) ended up means that's where the F-16s actually fired their missile.
It supposedly came down 4 km inside Syrian territory, which is a tiny distance for a supersonic plane, which the Su-24 is.
There is quite a bit of conflicting information about this, some sources say 4, others say 40, some use miles, some kilometers.