Call me a traditionalist, but shouldn't 12pm be when the sun is directly overhead? (by definition)
Pretty recently there was a post (I think here on HN) that shaded the entire world to show how far off from 12pm they are when the sun is directly overhead. There were some pretty serious gradients on a lot of time zones (where the left edge is far off in one direction and the right edge is far off in the other direction). And there were a lot of time zones where the entire zone was offset in one direction.
Unfortunately I don't remember enough to find that post again.