You may have only played the Xbox version, which did have a strict constraint on the map size. The PC version, IIRC, has no such restriction aside from perhaps memory and/or maximum possible values.
The Far Lands referred to are actually a result of this lack of constraint allowing the player to reach a point where floating point errors begin to wreak havoc on the map generator.
Most PC servers have limits enforced to prevent runaway disk usage.
In fact it's now baked into the vanilla game as a command.