Where as with alcohol, you can never really strengthen your body against a hangover. And you certainly don't get stronger and healthier because of it.
How something feels is not a reliable indicator of how good it is for you. Exercise often feels terrible, but is good for you. Pizza and chocolate often feels great, but is terrible for you.
Not representative, but still relevant.
My understanding is that it was acetaldehyde accumulation that causes the shitty feeling on a hangover.
You can down a bottle of whiskey and be hungover and dehydrated the next day.
You can also drink pint after pint of beer which is mostly water and feel hungover, but it's not due to dehydration.
Actually, you do. A sign of true alcoholism is that you stop having hangovers (if you could call that strenghten is another question). But that's just nitpicking, the running analogy is far-fetched in other ways.
Too much of anything is bad, but one is obviously healthy when practiced often, the other is not.