For those of you looking at this, I've found the X-Frame-Options (to prevent clickjacking via iframe) and Content-Security-Policy (to restrict eval, inline JS, JS and embed sources and more) to be the most useful headers by far. If you can run CSP without 'unsafe-eval' or 'unsafe-inline' and restrict all sources to your local domain, your site's security will be much better for it as an entire range of attacks is eliminated on modern browsers.
Of course they are all worth looking at. Scott's header test (https://securityheaders.io) is a great check for your own sites.