It doesn't apply much to the US. Among the major oil producers, the US is by far the least dependent on the oil market for the domestic economy's well being. It's arguable the US benefits more from cheap oil (industry, consumers, gasoline), than it takes a hit due to the loss of oil jobs and growth in the oil field in general. $40 to $50 oil has slowed oil well expansion and exploration, but US oil production is still sitting near all-time highs, and that will continue so long as oil doesn't go to eg $25-$30 or so for an extended period of time. At a range of $40-$50 for 2016, current projections are that US oil production will expand by another 500,000 barrels per day.
The dollar turning, which has crushed commodities, has pushed Canada into a serious recession, and is threatening to push Australia into one. To make matters worse, China's growth has been trending down for ten years - they temporarily spiked it back up after the great recession at the cost of tens of trillions in debt. China's economy tanking, is hitting any commodity dependent economies very hard.
In Norway's case, they get to start from an amazing position of strength overall. They have extremely low unemployment and a very high standard of living. They have the sovereign wealth fund to lean on if times get really bad. It's very likely that five years of cheap oil will hit Norway very, very hard. They're already facing a scenario where they'll have to tap the sovereign fund to deal with their budget demands. That's not going to get any prettier any time soon. The party is over, but Norway has a lot of wealth accumulated from it, and can weather this storm better than most.
Saudi Arabia has $640+ billion in foreign reserves that they're depleting by the month. It'll get worse over the next year, but they can weather it for a few years yet without a threat to their stability or economic well-being. Saudi is of course also among the low cost leaders on production, so while their budget demands $100 oil, on the other side they have among the best margins on what they are producing.
Out of the group, Russia is drastically worse off. Not only have they been trying to significantly increase military spending at exactly the wrong time, not only are they under international sanctions, but they're starting from a position of national weakness compared to eg Norway: their people are not well off, their Ruble is being hammered, and they're run by a dictator that is not good at managing the economy (as witnessed by their complete non-diversification the past decade plus, which has left them vulnerable to this outcome in the commodity market).