Let's say you had the 2.6.0 source in /usr/src/linux.
You would FTP to ftp.kernel.org, download patch-2.6.1.gz into /usr/src and
# cd /usr/src
# gzip -d patch-2.6.1.gz
# patch -p0 < patch-2.6.1
Descend into /usr/src/linux and begin the process of (re)configuring and recompiling your kernel.Side note: there would often be other patches by various kernel developers (e.g. Alan Cox) and they would be named something like "patch-2.6.1-pre6-ac.gz". I recall once coming across a patch by someone I had never heard of -- Don Tuse was his name, apparently. I proceeded to download, e.g., patch-2.4.8-dontuse.gz (or whatever version it was), apply it, and recompile my kernel. It was only later that I realized Don Tuse was actually "Don't Use".
https://git.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/LinusTalk200705Transcr...
Version control worked by posting your patches to the mailing list. Linus would apply your patches to his tree, which he'd occasionally tar up and upload to the mirrors.