Interesting that it crashes yours, works fine for me (Chrome 44 on Debian unstable). The tab uses around 800MB while the picture is loading and then immediately drops to ~160MB and further to ~90MB after a while. Scrolling is quite laggy, though.
when it starts loading the image right click on the image and then Save As. Chrome will crash but the picture will be downloaded(30MB+)
Preview on OS X works surprisingly well with a giant JPEG like this. It seems like its doing clever stuff(tm) when decoding the image for various zoom levels.
Chrome should (I mean.. it doesn't, but it really should) do this as well.