375 karma · joined May 1, 2011
A good statistic for this is an exponentially weighted moving average, which can be computed online by a leaky integrator using a single accumulator register per counted entity.
It's not so much as counting, as estimating a rate.
You can still have an update anomaly in an append-only setting. Teacher changes name (by submitting a change-of-name form) - now you need to replace all the class lists.
Edit: Bruce Cornwell is in the credits as one of the Computer Animation Consultants. More info about him and some other great work here: http://vimeo.com/channels/bkcfilms/videos/rss
> Bruce and Katharine Cornwell produced dozens of highly visual animated educational films between the late 1950s and the late 1970s. They started with traditional paper and cel animation, and moved into using computer animation in its infancy in the late 1960s.
Perhaps (a) the user doesn't care what ordering is used, and/or (b) (such as in your example in the preceding post) hasn't specified an order (and apparently PK ordering is defaulted to PK - a model option?). It would be error-prone for ORM to take (b) as implying (a).
Setting a price for finite capacity that is to be reserved is a robust user-pays approach.
see persistent data structure
* "the omission is expressly made sufficient by the law defining the offense; or"
* "a duty to perform the omitted act is otherwise imposed by law (for example one must file a tax return)."
I don't know of any such law involving canaries.
(fixed that for you)
of course they have. For example, having corporate "document retention" policies that are actually destruction policies is usual to avoid risks associated with legal discovery.
And actus reus is a fairly critical technical element of the law. If a company has a policy of issuing (true) warrant canaries, the non-act of not issuing a (false) canary would be a significant technical hurdle to prosecution. And the 1st amendment would be a significant hurdle to coercing a person to issue (false) canaries.
This is simple probability, and does not involve Bayes Theorem at all.
But how do you determine the frequencies E and R (or their ratio)?
Perhaps you could sample the population of drives (E+R) and decide which of these are encrypted, and which are just randomized. And how to decide? Oh... you can't.
But this is the story of an engineer using a profiling tool to solve a performance problem, and the solution was to drop resolution in his probabilistic data model. I don't see how BCNF would have avoided this if the system were implemented in RDBMS. The actual solution reminds me of the quantization step in JPEG processing - its lossy of the high-entropy but imperceptible data.
To your question: cost accounting - technology neutral, and brutal in it's power to decide.
* conditions apply - see Little's Law.
Interesting, because, on a marginal basis, it probably saves Australia Post delivery costs, making this another example of the security/convenience trade-off.
Normally, you want the convenience of home delivery - but this allows you to trade that for security.
Any qualifications in the area?
You are contradicting yourself.