In general, Academia lacks sufficient resources and appropriate structures for dedicated efforts.
Pay is abysmal and politics is toxic. Both scare away lots of technical talent.
12,951 karma · joined August 6, 2013
Oxford, UK
In general, Academia lacks sufficient resources and appropriate structures for dedicated efforts.
Pay is abysmal and politics is toxic. Both scare away lots of technical talent.
Interestingly, some are assembled in Portugal for North African and Middle East markets.
For this reason, to be truly useful, model outputs need to be verifiable. Formal verification with languages like Dafny , F*, or Isabelle might offer some solutions [1]. Otherwise, a gigantic software artifact such as a compiler is going to have a critical correctness bugs with far-fetched consequences if deployed in production.
Right now, I think treating a LLM like something different than a very useful information retrieval system with excellent semantic capabilities is not something I am comfortable with.
[1] https://risemsr.github.io/blog/2026-02-04-nik-agentic-pop
You can use the underlying sandboxing with bwrap. A good alternative is firejail. They are quite easy to use.
I prefer to centralize package management to my distro, but I value their sandboxing efforts.
Personally, I think it's time to take sandboxing seriously. Supply chain attacks keep happening. Defense is depth is the way.
In fact, the article discussion states: "Limitations of this study include reliance on assumptions of the twin design, such as the equal environment assumption". My take on this is that the main result of the article is probably true, but the 50% figure is likely to be inflated.
Regarding (recent) supply chain attacks, Linux needs to take supply integrity and sandboxing more seriously. The tools to do so are there (e.g. Nix and firejail/bwrap) and, unlike Wayland, they play well with existing software.
Wayland brought some irritations, including increased latency, and an architecture that requires rethinking all window managers. A rewrite is not enough. Very annoying.
I mean some real-time software for critical embedded systems has an incredible level of rigor, making heavy use of static analysis, model checking, and theorem proving.
This would increase the rigor of software engineering and put it on par with civil engineering.
Some niches like real-time embedded systems are already pretty much the same.
[1] https://martin.kleppmann.com/2025/12/08/ai-formal-verificati...
It is quite trivial to infer if someone is likely to have emigrated to the US due to obvious gaps in records or in their relatives' ones.
This is what Palantir does, essentially. Simple inference and information fusion from different sources.
[1] https://en.itu.dk/-/media/EN/Research/PhD-Programme/PhD-defe...
However, LED has some purpose limitations, which critics argue the Danish Law Enforcement Act has bypassed. Some are trying to challenge it.
I would be keen to know if citizen data is being handled correctly, following GDPR/LED.
Given previous Danish client-state-like cooperation with NSA to spy on other EU countries, I can imagine the answer.
Containers also provide good development sandboxing. With distrobox you can run many distributions inside your own within a clean and isolated environment.
If security is a major concern, bwrap or firejail can easily provide that extra sandboxing.
NixOS and GuixSD make it quite trivial to sandbox applications in a declarative fashion using firejail.
An alternative is to use e.g. Flatpak, which gets you sandboxing for free via bwrap. But I am not a fan of application images that bypass package management.
London has decent investors and while they are not as risk-taking as SF ones, they are still quite reasonable.
EU investors, with some tiny exceptions, are terrible in that regard.
Bayesian methods enable using prior information and fancy adaptive trial designs, which have the potential to make drug development much cheaper. It's also easier to factor in utility functions and look at cost:benefit. But things move slowly.
They are used in some trials, but not the norm, and require rowing against the stream. This is actually a great niche for a startup. Leveraging prior knowledge to make target discovery, pre-clinical, and clinical trials more adaptive and efficient.
Journals are also conservative. But Bayesian methods are not that niche anymore. Even mainstream journals such as Nature or Nature Genetics include Bayesian-specific items in their standard submission checklists [1]. For example, they require you to indicate prior choice and MCMC parameters.
[1] https://www.nature.com/documents/nr-reporting-summary-flat.p...
If you are a good programmer, avoiding areas that are too hot (e.g. ML) and focusing on things that can make best use of your skills (e.g. compilers, verification) could be a good idea.
Research assistant positions are also great a backdoor to PhD offers, in case you are interested in that.
Since the salaries they offer are low, the competition won't be so intense, and they will offer support to relocate. Once you have a foot in the ground, you can apply to great industry jobs.
A more elaborate plan would be to obtain a PhD at one of those institutions, but that is quite time-consuming and the benefits might not offset the costs.
There was also a great boutique apps ecosystem.
Right now, it seems that macOS is going through its enshittification phase, sadly.
Being the base of ChromeOS makes it highly influential.
ChromeOS market share is >5% in many countries, sometimes around double digits.
Certainly, few companies have managed to avoid this trap. It's largely an unsolved problem.
I've often met managers and execs two levels above me that had a completely delusional view of what was going on below them due to lies spread by middle-management.
Besides, because it's an older company, it might have more organizational entropy, i.e. dysfunctional middle-management. As you say it's probably several other causes too. But still, hard to understand how they can create F#, F*, and Dafny, just to name a few, and fail with their mainstream products.
E.g. EBV is strongly associated with several lymphomas.
There are other significant clinical associations for HPV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, HHV-8, and many others.
You could also run Google Maps web through Tor if needed. Tor is easy to use on Android.