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mccoyb

1,549 karma · joined July 20, 2020

5th year MIT PhD student. I work on programming languages and systems.

https://github.com/femtomc

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mccoyb··on Show HN: Axe – A 12MB binary that replaces your AI framework
Cool work!

Aside but 12 MB is ... large ... for such a thing. For reference, an entire HTTP (including crypto, TLS) stack with LLM API calls in Zig would net you a binary ~400 KB on ReleaseSmall (statically linked).

You can implement an entire language, compiler, and a VM in another 500 KB (or less!)

I don't think 12 MB is an impressive badge here?

mccoyb··on Claude's Cycles [pdf]
My recommendation: call a neurologist.
mccoyb··on Claude's Cycles [pdf]
Tune your bot detector, I'm a real person and I think about my comments before posting them.
mccoyb··on Claude's Cycles [pdf]
Sorry, are you familiar with what a next token distribution is, mathematically speaking?

If you are not, let me introduce you to the term: a probability distribution.

Just because it has profound properties ... doesn't make it different.

> has all the trappings of the stochastic parrot-style HN-discourse that has been consistently wrong for almost a decade now

Perhaps respond to my actual comment compared to whatever meta-level grouping you wish to interpret it as part of?

> It contains a number of premises that we have no business being confident in. We are potentially witnessing the obviation of human cognitive labor.

What premises? Be clear.

mccoyb··on Claude's Cycles [pdf]
I don't disagree with this, but I don't think the memory cost is the only issue right? I remember using Sonnet 4.5 (or 4, I can't remember the first of Anthropic's offerings with a million context) and how slow the model would get, how much it wanted to end the session early as tokens accrued (this latter point, of course, is just an artifact of bad training).

Less worried about memory, more worried about compute speed? Are they obviously related and is it straightforward to see?

mccoyb··on Claude's Cycles [pdf]
Agreed, there's no doubt this will happen. It's likely already happening (it feels safe to assume that Anthropic is curating data from the data they record from Claude Code?)

As far as I understand RL scaling (we've already maxxed out RLVR), these machines only get better as long as they have expert reasoner traces available.

Having an expert work with an LLM and successfully solve a problem is high signal data, it may be the only path forward?

My prior is that these companies will take this data without asking you as much as they can.

mccoyb··on Claude's Cycles [pdf]
It's fascinating to think about the space of problems which are amenable to RL scaling of these probability distributions.

Before, we didn't have a fast (we had to rely on human cognition) way to try problems - even if the techniques and workflows were known by someone. Now, we've baked these patterns into probability distributions - anyone can access them with the correct "summoning spell". Experts will naturally use these systems more productively, because they know how to coerce models into the correct conditional distributions which light up the right techniques.

One question this raises to me is how these models are going to keep up with the expanding boundary of science. If RL is required to get expert behavior into the models, what happens when experts start pushing the boundary faster? In 2030, how is Anthropic going to keep Claude "up-to-date" without either (a) continual learning with a fixed model (expanding context windows? seems hard) or (b) continual training (expensive)?

Crazy times.

mccoyb··on OpenClaw surpasses React to become the most-starred software project on GitHub
GitHub has a bot problem: https://github.com/trending
mccoyb··on The Hater's Guide to Anthropic
Can’t say I disagree — listening to Dario bounce between “cure all diseases” and “revenue” on Dwarkesh made it pretty clear what sort of jive turkey we’re dealing with
mccoyb··on Pi – A minimal terminal coding harness
Written by a person who is infamously annoying open source maintainers with AI slop PRs (see the DWARF debacle in OCaml) … and missing much of pi’s philosophy

Pass for me.

mccoyb··on Pi – A minimal terminal coding harness
> I would say that the project actively expects you to be downloading them to fill any missing gaps you might have.

Where did you get this perspective from?

> I thought pi and its tools were supposed to be minimal and extensible. So why is a subagent extension bundling six agents I never asked for that I can’t disable or remove?

Why do you think a random subagents extension is under the same philosophy as pi?

Your blog post says little about pi proper, it's essentially concerned with issues you had with the ecosystem of extensions, often made by random people who either do or do not get the philosophy? Why would that be up to pi to enforce?

mccoyb··on Pi – A minimal terminal coding harness
Sure, but why implement a novel language with said feature if your concern is a harness ... not on implementing a brand new language with this feature?
mccoyb··on Pi – A minimal terminal coding harness
It’s straightforward: JavaScript is a dynamic language, which allows code (for instance, code implementing an extension to the harness) to be executed and loaded while the harness is running.

This is quite nice — I do think there’s a version of pi’s design choices which could live in a static harness, but fully covering the same capabilities as pi without a dynamic language would be difficult. (You could imagine specifying a programmable UI, etc — various ways to extend the behavior of the system, and you’d like end up with an interpreter in the harness)

At least, you’d like to have a way to hot reload code (Elixir / Erlang could be interesting)

This is my intuition, at least.

mccoyb··on Pi – A minimal terminal coding harness
You can use your Codex plan with it. OpenAI endorsed it several weeks ago, as far as I remember. That could change, however, but now seems safe.
mccoyb··on Pi – A minimal terminal coding harness
Pi has made all the right design choices. Shout out to Mario (and Armin the OG stan) — great taste shows itself.
mccoyb··on Show HN: Emdash – Open-source agentic development environment
Here's my question:

if agents continue to get better with RL, what is future proof about this environment or UI?

I think we all know that managing 5-10 agents ... is not pretty. Are we really landing good PRs with 100% cognitive focus from 5-10 agents? Chances are, I'm making mistakes (and I assume other humans are too)? Why not 1 agent managing 5-10 agents for you? And so on?

Most of the development loop is in bash ... so as long as agents get better at using bash (amongst other things), what happens to this in 6 months?

I don't think this is operating at a higher-level of abstraction if agents themselves can coordinate agents across worktrees, etc.

mccoyb··on Hugging Face Skills
Skills feel analogous to behavioral programs. If you give an agent access to a programmable substrate (e.g. bash + CLI tools), you write these Markdown programs which are triggered and read when the agent thinks certain behaviors will be beneficial.

It's a great idea: really neat take on programmability, and can be reloaded while the agent is running without tweaking the harness, etc -- lots of benefits.

`pi` has a great skills implementation too.

I think skills might really shine if you take a minimal approach to the system prompt (like `pi`) -- a lot of the times, if I want to orchestrate the agent in some complex behavior, I want to start fresh, and having it walk through a bunch of skills ... possibly the smaller the system prompt, the more likely the agent is to follow the skills without issue.

mccoyb··on AI is not a coworker, it's an exoskeleton
I wanted to write the same comment. These people are fucking hucksters. Don’t listen to their words, look at their software … says all you need to know.
mccoyb··on Anthropic officially bans using subscription auth for third party use
Does your experience include writing your own agent? Send a link
mccoyb··on Anthropic officially bans using subscription auth for third party use
Is it? Look at pi, for instance.

It turns out that "most of the bell and whistles" could amount to instructing models how to use tools like tmux

mccoyb··on Anthropic officially bans using subscription auth for third party use
The opposite is true.

There is barely any magic in the harness, the magic is in the model.

Try it: write your own harness with (bash, read, write, edit) ... it's trivial to get a 99% version of (pick your favorite harness) -- minus the bells and whistles.

The "magic of the harness" comes from the fun auxiliary orchestration stuff - hard engineering for sure! - but seriously, the model is the key item.

mccoyb··on Anthropic officially bans using subscription auth for third party use
"Training the specific harness" is marginal -- it's obvious if you've used anything else. pi with Claude is as good as (even better! given the obvious care to context management in pi) as Claude Code with Claude.

This whole game is a bizarre battle.

In the future, many companies will have slightly different secret RL sauces. I'd want to use Gemini for documentation, Claude for design, Codex for planning, yada yada ... there will be no generalist take-all model, I just don't believe RL scaling works like that.

I'm not convinced that a single company can own the best performing model in all categories, I'm not even sure the economics make it feasible.

Good for us, of course.

mccoyb··on Anthropic officially bans using subscription auth for third party use
OpenAI has endorsed OAuth from 3rd party harnesses, and their limits are way higher. Use better tools (OpenCode, pi) with an arguably better model (xhigh reasoning) for longer …
mccoyb··on What years of production-grade concurrency teaches us about building AI agents
Broadly agree with the author's points, except for this one:

> TypeScript/Node.js: Better concurrency story thanks to the event loop, but still fundamentally single-threaded. Worker threads exist but they're heavyweight OS threads, not 2KB processes. There's no preemptive scheduling: one CPU-bound operation blocks everything.

This cannot be a real protest: 100% of the time spent in agent frameworks is spent ... waiting for the agent to respond, or waiting for a tool call to execute. Almost no time is spent in the logic of the framework itself.

Even if you use heavyweight OS threads, I just don't believe this matters.

Now, the other points about hot code swapping ... so true, painfully obvious to those of us who have used Elixir or Erlang.

For instance, OpenClaw: how much easier would "in-place updating" be if the language runtime was just designed with the ability in mind in the first place.

mccoyb··on Software factories and the agentic moment
No, I agree! But I don’t think that observation gives us license to avoid the problem.

Further, I’m not sure this elevates my understanding: I’ve read many posts on this space which could be viewed as analogous to this one (this one is more tempered, of course). Each one has this same flaw: someone is telling me I need to make a “organization” out of agents and positive things will follow.

Without a serious evaluation, how am I supposed to validate the author’s ontology?

Do you disagree with my assessment? Do you view the claims in this content as solid and reproducible?

My own view is that these are “soft ideas” (GasTown, Ralph fall into a similar category) without the rigorous justification.

What this amounts to is “synthetic biology” with billion dollar probability distributions — where the incentives are setup so that companies are incentivized to convey that they have the “secret sauce” … for massive amounts of money.

To that end, it’s difficult to trust a word out of anyone’s mouth — even if my empirical experiences match (along some projection).

mccoyb··on Software factories and the agentic moment
Effectively everyone is building the same tools with zero quantitative benchmarks or evidence behind the why / ideas … this entire space is a nightmare to navigate because of this. Who cares without proper science, seriously? I look through this website and it looks like a preview for a course I’m supposed to buy … when someone builds something with these sorts of claims attached, I assume that there is going to be some “real graphs” (“these are the number of times this model deviated from the spec before we added error correction …”)

What we have instead are many people creating hierarchies of concepts, a vast “naming” of their own experiences, without rigorous quantitative evaluation.

I may be alone in this, but it drives me nuts.

Okay, so with that in mind, it amounts to heresay “these guys are doing something cool” — why not shut up or put up with either (a) an evaluation of the ideas in a rigorous, quantitative way or (b) apply the ideas to produce an “hard” artifact (analogous, e.g., to the Anthropic C compiler, the Cursor browser) with a reproducible pathway to generation.

The answer seems to be that (b) is impossible (as long as we’re on the teet of the frontier labs, which disallow the kind of access that would make (b) possible) and the answer for (a) is “we can’t wait we have to get our names out there first”

I’m disappointed to see these types of posts on HN. Where is the science?

mccoyb··on Goblins: Distributed, Transactional Programming with Racket and Guile
Thank you, very helpful!
mccoyb··on Goblins: Distributed, Transactional Programming with Racket and Guile
My 5 minute read is that the divergences are primarily in the communication model and in transactions:

- the SAM coordinates through the dataspace, whereas Goblins is focused on ("point-to-point") message passing

- SAM (as presented) doesn't contain a transactional semantics -- e.g. turns are atomic, and there's no rollback mechanism (I haven't been up to speed on recent work, I do wonder if this could be designed into SAM)

mccoyb··on Goblins: Distributed, Transactional Programming with Racket and Guile
How does this model compare to the syndicated actor model of Tony Garnock-Jones?

(which, as far as I can tell, also supports capabilities and caveats for security)

Neat work!

mccoyb··on Automatic Programming
a better term might be “feedback engineering” or “verification engineering” (what feedback loop do I need to construct to ensure that the output artifact from the agent matches my specification)

This includes standard testing strategies, but also much more general processes

I think of it as steering a probability distribution

At least to me, this makes it clear where “vibe coding” sits … someone who doesn’t know how to express precise verification or feedback loops is going to get “the mean of all software”

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