There aren't many good alternatives to ZFS if you specifically want snapshots and compression.
LVM? Managing it sucks and the performance is bad (there's plenty of information on this).
I think Red Hat's Stratis was supposed to improve on some of this but it's not mainlined yet. For a while it sounded like Red Hat were going down the device-mapper functionality route of Stratis, VDO, dm-integrity and XFS, but I don't know where this is at.
Btrfs is probably the closest bet, but it's software RAID 5/6 has the known write hole bug.
Still waiting for bcachefs to get mainlined.
ext4 doesn't do CoW. XFS kinda does with its reflink functionality but it doesn't do filesystem-level snapshots.