101 karma · joined November 3, 2010
Intubation adds more risk to the patients lungs recovering because the volumes of air moved in an out can also cause injury; as the lungs are no longer moving as well with the increased fluid COVID patients experience. A full featured ventilator is not a silver bullet, it is a sign that things are very serious for the patients lungs. The shorter amount of time on the ventilator the better, which also means no ventilator unless absolutely necessary.
Using a mask like this does the basics, but we do have to rely on the patient to move their own air volumes in and out. Often they are able to do this, so this mask could provide real benefits.
The bubble helmets you can see in Italian hospital footage have been shown in an 2016 study to reduce the need to intubate and put patients on a full featured ventilator. The caveat being the COVID pandemic experience will glean a lot more insight into keeping patients from being intubated and off of full featured ventilators.
There is alot of selective focus and attention to "ventilators" currently. The danger is people believe that a fuller featured ventilator will save them when in reality (it will in some cases) public health focus should (arguably is) be on everything that can be done to keep COVID patients from being intubated and needing a full featured ventilators.
There is a risk that we run out of ventilators because they are dedicated to long term life support of patients that become dependent on them when they could be providing the short term ventilatory support of patients who will recover enough not need one. This is another scenario given our medical capabilities, well trained healthcare workers, and cultural outlook we are not yet talking about.
CPAP is a good start for any patient that has a spontaneous inspirtory drive and acceptable work of breathing.
The problem for the COVID patients is more so oxygenation then ventilation (this is a technical complication of the disease were studies have shown that focusing on O2 with an elevated CO2 is better in the long run then trying to ventilate the lung to normal CO2 levels as the volume of air needed to do this effectively can do more damage to the lung).
CPAP helps O2 absorbtion in the lungs by maintaining a generally elevated pressure that pushes O2 into the alveolar sacs for perfusion without requiring a concentration of O2 that might create a fibrotic lung.
If the patient passes a certain threshold of respiratory distress and work of breathing they will need to be intubated to carry on the same O2/Co2 strategy above to protect the lung from further damage.
After intubation is when a real ventilator will be needed. Ventilators can be very simple so long as people are aware the patient will be out like fashion so the ventilator can do its thing and medical staff monitor the patients vital systems. This is not always ideal as voluntary spontaneous movement of the patient can help relieve some of the neuro and physiological lung issues they are experiencing.
Ideally everything done for the patient as soon as they hit the ward is to keep them off a ventilator for their own and others best outcomes.
As a former respiratory therapist I understand you concern about a project like this. I doubt anything beyond a CPAP machine is helpful for home care without risking a ventilator lung injury which is often characterized as the same lung pathology that COVID-19 creates in the acute respiratory cases.
That said, at home you could help at home patients relieve some symptoms until proper medical attention is available by doing positive breath holding exercises and chest percussion therapy to recruit more alveolar activity.
Paging Dr. Scott Weingart
https://emcrit.org/emcrit/some-additional-covid-airway-manag...
... But if you are responsible for today's downage just say it. : )
Is the Fridman interview the replacement?
If users are performance bound through use-case, chances are they are using pypy. If pypy3 is going to lag python3.6 + why upgrade at all. Pypy just got numpy and pandas.
My sense is that Python 3 was redesigned with web-services in mind like Youtube, when the highest code contributing use-case in python was science and data pipeline related. The science users are all still using python, but only in ways that Python 3 enhancements were not especially important for.
And the authors at least noted that "The enrichment of race condition errors in Go is likely because the Go is distributed with a race-detection tool that may advantage Go developers in detecting races"
I recently asked the Chinese language forum on Bitcointalk.org about their use of trade platforms and bots and the people in the forum seem very skeptical of bitcoin trading in general especially at Chinese exchanges. I found this to be quite a surprise given the Chinese markets own bitcoin trading volume. The Chinese exchanges themselves report that their mobile platforms are very popular which is even more of a surprise.
I think algo trading in Bitcoin is a hobby for most and very few take it seriously beyond writing or customizing their own platform.
However there are more brokerage services opening to provide liquidity and trade impact minimization for professional financial services.
The biggest algo traders might be the Chinese exchanges themselves to support zero cost transactions.
I see four main issues that the money is being used for
1. Location
2. Business Scaling
3. Work-Place Incentives
4. Founders Optimistic Self Valuation
These issues are all necessary to a high degree but what viable options are there that give startups a competitive environment to offer and work with?