341 karma · joined August 16, 2019
Wire ducts are popular because they are faster to make a bundle and put it in a duct and not worry about exactly how it looks, but our panel shop is still zip tying wires in bundles that behind and end in the same general vicinity to keep the wire ducts tidy in large panel line ups - say 5 cells each 1m wide.
I would expect to be able to send a few bytes between two stations maybe 400m apart through non-line of sight forest with 900 MHz and both stations at the same elevation. Certainly the grandparent quoting miles would be for mountain top to mountain top.
At very low bit rates you need very little SNR.
There is probably very low noise out in hiking environments.
Yes, attenuation due to terrain is going to be a killer, but my experience with non line of sight 900 MHz links blasting through trees leads me to believe it would be workable for low bit rate data between a series of hikers along the same trail.
It is sending only location and text messages so intermittent link status or re-tries due to temporarily terrain/foliage obstructions will not cause degradation in service that you would experience trying to watch netflix over this mesh.
WiFi is more difficult to troubleshoot whereas Pretty much anybody can use a cat5 cable tester.
And there are already cable trays and raceways going to all of the different equipment because it uses electricity.
So in the industrial processes I’ve been involved in radio was only used outdoors and when communications cable would have had to have been strung up on poles.
Reliability and ease of troubleshooting are characteristics industry values more than labor saved running cat5, in my experience.
The instruments and controlled devices are wired to a PLC such as Allen Bradley control logix or Schneider electric m580. The PLC generally reads the inputs, executes the program, and updates the outputs every 10ms. HMI software running on a computer such as inductive automation ignition, vtscada, wonderware, citect, etc reads data from the PLC to display to the operator and record for history. Protocols are often modbus or common industrial protocol (CIP) which is also called, or some flavor of it, the ridiculous name of Ethernet/IP, but that’s the kind of shit you get in industrial automation.
I generally set the HMI software to record my 2500 values once per second.
During testing it is common to use a data acquisition system that can sample even much faster than the PLC runs, eg 1 kHz.
Still a single pin is probably something like a #18 gauge and would only be good for 10A before it gets too warm for comfort.
We only create an alert if there is a problem the operator can solve, otherwise there is no point in waking them up at 3 AM, so if anything our thresholds are set as loose as possible instead of as tight as possible.
However there are many instances where the operator could be alerted earlier that the machine operation is abnormal. For example the stator windings are rated for operation up to 155 degrees C but the machine is lightly loaded for a long time, the ambient temperature is normal, and the windings are 140 degrees. No alert would be generated from the stator winding temperature but something is amiss.
I think this is the case where some ML/AI/hypeword techniques might be applicable, for the controller to know that based on half a dozen variables the expected value for other variables based on past operation.
Alarms are generated if a variable exceeds a threshold, or a binary variable is in the wrong state.
Is Orbiter something that would benefit power plants?
In the short term as demand decreases I imagine governments will ramp up taxes to keep the price steady or climbing in order to avoid encouraging people to increase consumption.
The sysadmin group taught me to program and many other life lessons that really helped set me up for success.
It is sad that so many lost their jobs, their pensions, and that other teens don’t have the same opportunities that i did.
It is hard to believe all those buildings in Ottawa now house government workers, I believe nortel had 140,000 employees when I was there.
I am glad to see some more attention being paid to exactly how it all collapsed so quickly.
The notes field on a contact in IOS is a good example of this unfriendly design. the amount of tapping I’ve done to try to figure out how to enter a note on a contact...