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boulos

13,551 karma · joined May 15, 2013

If you're trying to reach me about GCE (or Google Cloud generally) my username at Google is the same as this one.
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boulos··on AWS Adds support for nested virtualization
I feel vindicated :). We put in a lot of effort with great customers to get nested virtualization running well on GCE years ago, and I'm glad to hear AWS is coming around.

You can tell people to just do something else, there's probably a separate natural solution, etc. but sometimes you're willing to sacrifice some peak performance just have that uniformity of operations and control.

boulos··on Efficient String Compression for Modern Database Systems
This isn't strictly correct: you probably mean wrt compressed size. Compression is a tradeoff between size reduction and compression and decompression speed. So while things like Bellard's tz_zip (https://bellard.org/ts_zip/) or nncp compress really well they are extremely slow compared to say zstd or the much faster compression scheme in the article. It's a totally different class of codec.
boulos··on Direct Current Data Centers
IIRC, Google contributed +-400 racks last year to Open Compute: https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/systems/enabling-1-mw-i...
boulos··on Banned C++ features in Chromium
I haven't benchmarked them myself yet, but the C++23 flat map containers are supposed to finally have fixed this. Chrome lists them as TBD: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/styleg... .
boulos··on Ski map artist James Niehues, the 'Monet of the mountains' (2021)
Wait, really? I haven't been up this season, but it's always been there! I understand removing the printed ones when the bars have them (and the big boards at the top). Is it all just ads now?
boulos··on Ski map artist James Niehues, the 'Monet of the mountains' (2021)
Every lift at Snowbird has the map printed on the bar. So you can plan your route on the way up. I agree that when you get lost, that map won't save you, but I think an offline PDF is also fine.
boulos··on The next two years of software engineering
You can get by pretty well with the ~$20/month plans for either Claude or Gemini. You don't need to be doing the $200/month ones just to get a sense of how they work.
boulos··on Hyundai Introduces Its Next-Gen Atlas Robot at CES 2026 [video]
I dunno. The folks at Physical Intelligence are showing remarkable progress for being such a small team and relying on Gemma as their base model.

https://www.pi.website/blog/pistar06 has some reasonable footage of making espresso drinks, folding cardboard boxes, etc.

boulos··on [dead]
This seems to be the only online source for Loren's passing that contains much information.
boulos··on Who invented the transistor?
How would you distinguish the article from an honest write up about transistors? That is, you know about his crusade in ML, but if you didn't, how would you decide that this article is written in bad faith or not?

I agree that context matters, and I had the same thought as you. But does that mean that anything he writes on the topic of "who was first" is inherently tainted?

boulos··on L1TF Reloaded
Disclosure: I used to work on GCE.

Nice write up and very clever work. I'm surprised by the AWS response that you linked to though (https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/ec2-defenses-against-l...).

While I was sure they'd note that Nitro doesn't have this vulnerability due to its design, it seems weird not to talk about Firecracker and Lambda and so on. Maybe those are always on Cascadelake+ hardware? (I also haven't followed this space for 5 years, so maybe I'm asking the wrong question)

boulos··on Python 3.15’s interpreter for Windows x86-64 should hopefully be 15% faster
Ehh, PHP fits that bill and is clearly optimizable. All sorts of things worked well for PHP, including the original HipHop, HHVM, my own work, and the mainline PHP runtime.

Python has some semantics and behaviors that are particularly hostile to optimization, but as the Faster Python and related efforts have suggested, the main challenge is full compatibility including extensions plus the historical desire for a simple implementation within CPython.

There are limits to retrofitting truly high performance to any of these languages. You want enough static, optional, or gradual typing to make it fast enough in the common case. That's why you also saw the V8 folks give up and make Dart, the Facebook ones made Hack, etc. It's telling that none of those gained truly broad adoption though. Performance isn't all that matters, especially once you have an established codebase and ecosystem.

boulos··on Frank Gehry has died
He was pretty open about his design process, and I think he did voice this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENa2Hmh3lGU
boulos··on Paul Hegarty's updated CS193p SwiftUI course released by Stanford
I can't seem to find the 2007 webpage (maybe it was one of the wiki-based ones?) but the 2008 syllabus looked very hands on: https://web.archive.org/web/20081208171743/http://stanford.e...

I never took 193p, but I always found 148 to be hands on, and I made it very hands on for the year I contributed: https://web.archive.org/web/20130522184434/https://graphics.... .

I regret that we put my subdivision assignment as the last one, and we allowed students to skip one assignment. Most students skipped it, but those that did the work thought it was super cool to have their own subdivision tool for making smooth meshes.

boulos··on Hardening the C++ Standard Library at scale
They linked directly to https://alexgaynor.net/2019/apr/21/modern-c++-wont-save-us/ which did exactly what I'd guessed as its example:

> The following code for example, simply returns an uninitialized value:

  #include <optional>

  int f() {
    std::optional<int> x(std::nullopt);
    return *x;
  }
boulos··on Waymo robotaxis are now giving rides on freeways in LA, SF and Phoenix
Not at all. We've been working on this for a while, and we're now comfortable with the reliability bar we've hit to begin a gradual rollout to the public. As people said, this has been years in the making.
boulos··on Waymo robotaxis are now giving rides on freeways in LA, SF and Phoenix
Make sure to do whatever "express interest" is required inside the app. We've often done a first-come, first-served approach for getting people off of waitlists, so get in now :).
boulos··on Waymo robotaxis are now giving rides on freeways in LA, SF and Phoenix
Sorry about that. Please file in-app feedback (now under Help > Leave Feedback) any time you experience something like that. There's a dedicated "Car Condition" tag.
boulos··on Waymo robotaxis are now giving rides on freeways in LA, SF and Phoenix
We comply with the posted speed limits. Definitely on 101 near San Francisco where there are 55 mph zones (and maybe even 50 mph?) it's pretty noticeable. But we do hug the right lanes.
boulos··on The 'Toy Story' You Remember
That is precisely what this one was. The OP posted a follow-up comment at https://www.reddit.com/r/Terminator/comments/d65pbi/comment/...:

> I have an updated, I found out that T2 4K is an HDR movie that needs to be played with MadVR and enable HDR on the TV itself, now the colors are correct and I took a new screenshot: https://i.imgur.com/KTOn3Bw.jpg

> However when the TV is in HDR mode the 4K looks 100% correct, but when seeing the screenshot with HDR off then the screenshot looks still a bit wrong, here is a screenshot with correct colors: https://i.imgur.com/KTOn3Bw.jpg

boulos··on The 'Toy Story' You Remember
Yes, there have been a couple re-render the whole thing. There was a good write up somewhere that I cannot find now where there was a discussion of keeping RenderMan bug compatible with the original or not. They also upped the shading rate and a few other quality knobs.
boulos··on The 'Toy Story' You Remember
I recommend interviews with Roger Deakins, like https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=w56rFxPyZno
boulos··on Phase 1 Trial of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Targeting ANGPTL3
> A total of 15 participants received CTX310 and had at least 60 days of follow-up. No dose-limiting toxic effects related to CTX310 occurred. Serious adverse events occurred in two participants (13%): one participant had a spinal disk herniation, and the other died suddenly 179 days after treatment with the 0.1-mg-per-kilogram dose.

> Editing of ANGPTL3 was associated with few adverse events and resulted in reductions from baseline in ANGPTL3 levels.

Two out of 15 having adverse advents seems pretty high, especially since one died. The supplemental material rules this as an unrelated death (https://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMoa2511778/suppl_f...).

Definitely seems promising for a larger-scale trial, but it seems weird to make such a strong conclusion about adverse reactions.

boulos··on AI isn't replacing jobs. AI spending is
Btw, the recent Conversations with Tyler had a few minutes on this topic with Sam:

https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/conversations-with-tyl...

It was a bit towards the end, I think.

boulos··on AI isn't replacing jobs. AI spending is
The article seems to hinge on the core assumption that revenue is much less than spending:

> Those expenditures may be approaching $1 trillion for 2025, while AI revenue—which would be used to pay for the use of AI infrastructure to run the software—will not exceed $30 billion this year

While it's clear that the author is summing up the spending from the big players, it's not clear to me that their math is right for revenue. Yes, OpenAI, Anthropic, Thinking Machines, SSI, etc. have pretty limited direct revenue (including zero!).

But this comparison assumes no revenue growth for other top computing users. Some companies are certainly saving money on some tasks and increasing revenue, particularly in fields like customer support. See the confusing figure in section 5 of https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2025-ai-index-report/econo... .

That chart is by number of respondents and not weighted by revenue. Like the MIT study, it would not be surprising that "just pipe this to an LLM" isn't enough for most fields or companies. But a few have likely made material improvements.

10% of respondents saying they've seen a >10% revenue gain could be substantial, if they're bigger firms with high leverage in computing.

Edit to add: the comparison also makes a classic "GDP vs market cap" style mistake. Capital expenditure has multiple years of useful life. Revenue is annual. You'd want to compare depreciation vs revenue.

boulos··on The state of SIMD in Rust in 2025
Also all comparisons.
boulos··on Creating an all-weather driver
Yes. We went to Buffalo, and a few other locations (https://techcrunch.com/2024/08/15/waymo-to-double-down-on-wi... and other reports)
boulos··on Why I code as a CTO
LinkedIn suggests "50-200". 54 work in San Francisco, and 154 people are associated with it. So probably closer to 150, but that includes a lot of Sales and Marketing related roles. Maybe the "engineering" org is ~100 or just under that.
boulos··on Meta convinces Blue Owl to cut $30B check for its Hyperion AI super cluster
The Bloomberg source is more informative with respect to the financing (https://archive.ph/5WGcA)

> Blue Owl Capital Inc. and Meta will split ownership of the Hyperion data center site in Richland Parish, Louisiana, with the tech giant retaining just 20% of it, according to people with knowledge of the matter. To finance the build-out, Morgan Stanley arranged over $27 billion of debt and about $2.5 billion of equity into a special purpose vehicle

At 225 over (current?) treasuries:

> The bonds priced at about 225 basis points over Treasuries,

boulos··on Building the heap: racking 30 petabytes of hard drives for pretraining
It's quite cheap to just store data at rest, but I'm pretty confused by the training and networking set up here. It sounds like from other comments that you're not going to put the GPUs in the same location, so you'll be doing all training over X 100 Gbps lines between sites? Aren't you going to end up totally bottlenecked during pretraining here?
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