Everything you said about the work culture, I have seen. It's both reassuring (thinking I'm not the only one who feel that way) and depressing (because indeed working in an environment where 90% of the energy is put into politics to navigate to workplace is exhausting).
The second part I didn't see. A lot of colleague work without a 5+ year degree on some technical jobs.
More, I feel that the engineering spirit has been lost in the it jobs. Working as an engineer doesn't necessarly require a 5 year degree (it helps).
I feel there's a lot of hype around high level tools, a lot of trends and very very few focused thinking. Most of my colleages don't seem to want to know how a computer works or how their framework is implemented. When something doesn't work as expected I see a lot of panicked faces, very few focused ones.