7,948 karma · joined December 17, 2019
I'd be curious to see a visualization of the overlapping phonemes between languages, like a large Venn diagram kinda thing (or maybe just a graph). I think this data is probably available and a visualization wouldn't be too difficult to create - maybe it already exists but I couldn't find a comprehensive one with a brief search.
While most people don't have time to put that many hours into studying a second language outside of a country where it's the native tongue, many immigrants have no choice but to immerse themselves in a new language just by the default behavior of living their life in a new country that doesn't speak their first language.
Yes, such immigrants will always be a few thousand hours behind people who started in America, but surely there's some plateau where the improvements become marginal. I don't think the critical period advantage is about the early volume of hours so much as the age period when they're spent - i.e. if you compare someone who moves at 20 vs. 40, the results will be the same, but both will be worse than someone who moved at 8.
I do wonder if there's some limit on the number of phonemes you can learn, and how many hours are required to "solidify" a phoneme. But I definitely think the idea of a "unity course" is a good one.
Personally I had a French "class" in elementary school, where I barely learned anything - I certainly can't speak French - but I can pronounce French words better than I can pronounce any Spanish words (despite three years of Spanish class in college). Those French classes were basically just learning to count to 100 and singing songs like "alouette."
So yes, obviously if you don't have time as an adult to learn a language, you won't learn it as well as if you can dedicate the rest of your life to it. But the point of the results of "critical period" studies is that even if you dedicate the rest of your life to it, you'll still be at a disadvantage compared to a child, when it comes to attaining perfect phonetic and linguistic fluency.
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> Consequently, based on available data, Mr. Bankman-Fried is the disclosed source of approximately $37,768,312 in contributions to Democratic candidates, parties, and aligned outside organizations in the 2022 cycle. In contrast, Mr. Bankman-Fried is the disclosed source of approximately $320,400 in contributions to Republican candidates, parties, and aligned outside organizations in the 2022 cycle.
And lest you think these are your typical MAGA republicans receiving the money, they are all the most RINO, uniparty republicans you can imagine [1]:
> Since July, Bankman-Fried has made $5,800 contributions, the maximum individuals can give directly to Congressional campaigns, to the committees of Bill Cassidy (R-La.), Susan Collins (R-Maine), Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), Ben Sasse (R-Neb.), Mitt Romney (R-Utah) and Richard Burr
[0] https://www.citizensforethics.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12...
[1] https://www.rightjournalism.com/its-not-the-dems-only-ftx-fo...
It's more obvious in athletics, where there is clearly natural talent, but the equalizer is the support network of parents funding practice, driving to games, getting into competitive leagues, etc. I don't see why the same wouldn't apply to intellectual talents as well, even if the differences in natural talent are less obvious than in athletics.
edit: Yeah, I found this library [0] that does it (actually disables validation entirely) with LD_PRELOAD and works with openssl, but no commits since 2018 so might not work. Also I'm pretty sure proxychains uses LD_PRELOAD and it might include some option to disable pinning, idk.