There seems to be confusion about the purpose of one-time authentication; the purpose is to protect against key leaks after the key has been used. For instance, suppose I want to SSH to my machine from an Internet cafe but am concerned the key will eventually found by someone after me.
SSH in fact already has support for one time passwords: skey. See http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man1/...