The boom in mini stomachs, brains, breasts, kidneys and more
nature.com
nature.com
I was studying the way cells move, and to make cells that moved, we would dissect hearts out of seven-day-old chicken embryos, shread them into chunks, and put the bits down on a layer of matrigel in a dish full of tissue culture medium. After several hours, the cardiac muscle cells would start to dedifferentiate into fibroblasts (not really fibroblasts, but people call them that) and start zooming around, at which point you can do science on them.
I painstakingly prepared one of these dishes, then forgot about it, and left it in the incubator for a week. When i got back to it, the initial chunk of heart muscle had completely gone, turned into fibroblasts - which had then spread out over the dish, and turned back into cardiac muscle cells. There was a thin sheet of muscle strung out across the width of the dish, and it had started beating.
[0] http://ideas.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/30/heres-to-you-biolo...
[1] http://www.genome.gov/images/content/costpermegabase_apr2015... [2] FWIW I'm hiring staff and postdoctoral positions in bioinformatics looking for folks with experience with genomics, machine learning, and/or CS.
If, instead, I were choosing exclusively based on the importance of the work for humanity, I would still go for energy research before biology. That is what civilization's survival hinges on.
It's almost as if a human missing most of their senses spent their entire life in a float tank. I don't think it would be humane or inhumane, merely different. Without tons of advances we wouldn't be able to relate to it, or it to us. It wouldn't even be aware we existed.
In a way, its possible that the first intelligent alien life we make contact with will be one we create. As a specie, we've spend an inordinate amount of time and effort trying to make contact with intelligent life that might exist beyond our planet. Learning to make contact with artificial brains that we can hook up to different senses (artificial and mechanical or artificial and biological) is going to be awesome.
It's even possible that the brain in it's own isolation from us even does something humans do naturally; it tries to explain and understand its world and may even form the notion of a god or creator that brought it into existence. Hopefully one day it will get to meet its creator that brought it into existence. It likely won't damn us or condemn us because it won't know any better that it was crippled, just as the religious among us don't damn their gods for not bestowing us with talents and abilities like omniscience and omnipotency.
"With the pit of despair, he placed monkeys between three
months and three years old in the chamber alone, after
they had bonded with their mothers, for up to ten weeks"
"after they had bonded with their mothers"? That's pretty cruel and totally an apples to oranges comparison. That researcher relied on the curse of knowledge and self aware to deprive the monkeys of a pleasurable stimulus.Somewhat reminds me of Genie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genie_(feral_child) or Danielle http://www.tampabay.com/specials/2008/reports/danielle/
To investigate the debate, Dr. Harlow created inanimate surrogate mothers for the
rhesus infants from wire and wood.[10] Each infant became attached to its particular
mother, recognizing its unique face and preferring it above all others. Harlow next
chose to investigate if the infants had a preference for bare wire mothers or cloth
covered mothers. For this experiment he presented the infants with a clothed mother
and a wired mother under two conditions. In one situation, the wire mother held a
bottle with food and the cloth mother held no food. In the other situation, the
cloth mother held the bottle and the wire mother had nothing.[10]
Overwhelmingly, the infant macaques preferred spending their time clinging to the
cloth mother.[10] Even when only the wire mother could provide nourishment, the
monkeys visited her only to feed. Harlow concluded that there was much more to the
mother/infant relationship than milk and that this "contact comfort" was essential
to the psychological development and health of infant monkeys and children. It was
this research that gave strong, empirical support to Bowlby's assertions on the
importance of love and mother/child interaction.
Another experiment by Harry Harlow. The interesting things to observe here is that the money felt attachment to something that provided it with contact comfort. The brain in question wouldn't even know what "contact" is because it lacks a sense of touch. With that in mind (no pun intended), what we're left to speculate is where that complex mass of neurons will venture. Will it "hallucinate and invent" something that provides the equivalent of a mother figure?Alternatively, (and I think this is more probably), it's possible that the brains we invent for a long time are merely equivalent to evolutionary stages of brain development from millions of years in the past. That begs the question, would the precursors of the modern human brain be considered to be an inhumane condition to the brain we have today? It clearly had a lesser capacity in all sorts of ways. The ancient human brain cannot comprehend, yet alone fathom what the modern human brain is capable of. By the time we grow these brains to the neuronal mass capable of human levels of thought, we will probably lack the ability and knowledge still on how to make it think like us because the technology for growing it bigger is going to far outstrip our capacity to coax it to grow a certain way (assuming we even know what that way we should grow it to achieve the consciousness of the modern human).
While I'm not denying that human brains have been shown to hallucinate under sensory deprivation, there's no way to say whether or not a lab grown brain would experience discomfort because of its lack of input, or whether it would even dream up a coherent reality for itself at all. There's simply no way to test this.
Also by definition science is immoral :)