ICEs are not crashes due to memory unsafety, they are logical errors in the compiler code.

For example, here's about the worst rustc crash I've found: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/21946. It doesn't even give you an ICE, it terminates with a stack overflow.

So no, Rust cannot magically fix logic errors in large, complicated codebases, but that's not something that a complete beginner needs to worry about thankfully.