I think using a blocker extension like uBlock Origin restores (at least partially) this functionality without involving Google.
EDIT: wow, downvotes? Getting a list from EasyList is just as much a leak as getting a list from Google. Someone has your IP either way.
(Edit: Oh, it seems it was updated in the meantime.)
The problem with SafeBrowsing isn't downloading the list, it's that it sends data back to Google if it finds a match. Malware lists with AdBlock plugins don't do this.
1: An all-in-one lump download of blacklists
2: Optionally, "Enhanced" also sends hashed URLs to Google in case specific sub-pages aren't on the list, etc
Easylist, of course, only offers #1. Firefox, by default, uses both, which is less private, but seemingly still configurable to use only #1.Citations:
http://www.google.com/tools/firefox/safebrowsing/faq.html
https://developers.google.com/safe-browsing/firefox3_privacy...