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Knowledge work is different.

How to become great at Chess: - Read books about chess. - Watch other people play chess. - Read in-depth analysis of past chess games.

How to become great at Math: - Read books about math. - Watch other people perform math. - Read in-depth analysis of math.

You also skipped a key assertion from the author: "Do exercises and try to explain common JavaScript concepts such as inheritance in your own words."

But you're right, nothing beats digging in and creating something.

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I don't think that's actually the best way to be great at chess, or math.

On chess, from a GM: "The key to their success is that they kept playing a lot, and learning from stronger opponents. Don't get me wrong: I am not suggesting stone age technologies in studying. Of course, you should take advantage of the best modern learning methods. However, the most important component of success (at least at weak GM and below level) is practice."

http://www.chess.com/article/view/getting-better-in-chess-cr...

Math is similar. You really have to do math. Reading books and watching other people do math is not the critical part.

Well, wrt chess, we can have dueling GM quote battles over this point:

From "Andrei Istratescu's top 10 reasons for stagnation:"

1) Too much play Playing chess - practice - is very important for improvement. When you play chess (over the board, at tournaments), you put into practice what you have learned, you use your brain to think chess, you are in the testing environment, you test your accumulated knowledge and skill against another person. However, too much play and too little study holds you back. You can repeat the same mistakes over and over. You will tend to follow your own old patterns and not have time to develop a different, correct thinking process, and to learn proper strategy and new ideas. In this case, you should take a long break from playing and concentrate only on study for several months. You will make a significant improvement.

In my experience, the first chess book I read (Logical Chess, Move by Move) probably bumped my rating by 400 points. Then, more specialized openings and tactics books another couple hundred. After that, simply playing got me mostly nowhere.

Indeed.

When I was in "prépa" (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_pr%C3%A9paratoire_aux_g... ) my English teacher, an American told us that the way he saw the system was to train us at math, just as a way to discriminate us between those who'll get to pick the best school and those who will take what's left. And he said, they might as well train you to do chess for 2 years and let the strongest one pick his school.

He also told me that back in the US where he came from, with his local chess club he went to a prison play with the inmates. They got destroyed, because the inmates played chess all day long so they were all very good.

a lot of people out there don't have access to mentors, so I (unfortunately) feel that the self-learning by books approach is still the most practical, generally speaking.

This is a pattern of behavior I see in people, that they think they need a "mentor" to get good at anything. I've even had people explicitly ask me to be their mentor. Like, people here, on HN, reading my comments, contacting me through my email address in my profile, asking me to be their mentor.

Frankly, now that I'm experienced, if someone were to agree to be my mentor when I was a beginner, I should have been suspect of their expertise, because I don't know anyone who is actually any good at what they do who has time to do anything called mentoring.

Where does this idea of mentorship come from? I have never seen it. I've had examples in my life of people to look up to, but when people talk about mentorship they seem to be talking about some sort of creepazilla relationship where the student sits at the feet of the master and receives wisdom. Yeah, no, that doesn't exist in the real world, at least not for the vast majority of people.

If that's what it takes to be successful, to be reallly good at anything, then buddy, we're all in a world of hurt. It's an appealing idea, but who the hell does it ever actually happen to? I'm convinced it's a fantasy.

Strictly speaking, you don't need a mentor to get good at anything. However, it can really help in the areas that are defined more by people than by things working or not.

As a mentor, I have found that is mostly about reviewing others work and thinking and giving feedback. For instance, you don't really need a mentor to get better at solving problems. You may need a mentor to help you communicate details about the solution.

In chess below the master level tactics will dominate. How do you get really good at tactics? Not just by playing lots of chess, but by consistently devoting effort to studying tactics via printed collections of positions and/or tactics training software.

As to becoming great, after years of running chess camps for young players IM Greg Shahade formed his somewhat famous hypothesis:

   There is one very reliable sign to how much potential and how strong a young chess 
   player is or is going to be, and it’s probably not what most people would think. 

   It’s not how quickly a student solves tactics or sees combinations (although 
   these two things always seem to be correlated with the main point of this article).
   It’s not the student’s positional understanding. It’s not even how much they 
   claim to study chess.

   Instead it is “How likely is this student to recognize a famous game/position
   and know the players involved?” [1]

As one data point illustrating Shadade's point, the current world champion seems to be a whiz at what ordinary people would consider chess trivia. [2] Carlsen's comment:

   "I like chess, I like chess books. You'd be surprised – I do read 
   as much chess as I can."

[1] http://www.uschess.org/content/view/12551/745 [2] http://www.uschess.org/content/view/12985/806/

Editing for formating: how do block quotes work here?

Completely agree. I never truly understood discrete math until I had to teach it. I didn't understand sales until I ran a vendor booth for my wife's sci-fi novel. I didn't understand ballistics until I built model rockets and potato cannons from scratch. I didn't understand cooking until my coworkers at Waffle House marooned me at the grill during a Sunday morning rush. I didn't understand linear algebra until I had to write a software rasterizer and a best-fit modeling function. I didn't understand money management until I was poor. I didn't understand relational algebra and database systems until I wrote an ORM. I didn't understand digital electronics until I had to build a kiosk system from scratch (for a client!). I didn't understand analog electronics until I had to build a music synthesizer. I didn't (really) understand AC until I had to rewire my house!

Maybe some people can read a book and just know how to do things based on that. I used to be very caught up into thinking I needed a book to learn things. But that's not really me. I have to do. Most books aren't written in that regard. The authors want to pontificate on minutia. Now, I know I just need to jump in the deep end of making something and--somehow, be it through Wikipedia or Wolfram Alpha or StackOverflow or MSDN or MDN or what have you--I will learn what I need to get it done. Give me a cheat-sheet, some pliers, and a bail of wire any day. Until then, it's all just noise.

I think it ties in naturally to the Lean Startup ideology, i.e. the whole "release early, release often" thing. Using the example of chess, if you're just reading books on chess and are not playing games, then you're no better off than a startup who is working out of someone's basement, no marketing plan, no market feedback, just coding away based on some blue-sky ideology. "Release early, release often" isn't so much about success as it is about getting out of the basement, seeing the flow of things, and opening your eyes to reality.

Any great chess player (let's define that as near-IM fide ratings and up) will tell you that it's a highly iterative process between practice, analysis and reading that is very much anchored around practice.

They play thousands and thousands of hours and, yes, also spend quite a bit of time reading, thinking, analyzing (both their own and others') games and learning from mentors/teachers. However, practice is king and all the reading/analysis would be worthless in its absence. They would have no anchors to grab onto in your brain - no way to really become operational.

A chess "player" that mostly reads, studies and analyzes with a little bit of practice sprinkled in between would indeed be hilariously weak.

Take a beginner player who has been playing at the local chess club once a week (two hours) for 12 weeks. This player enjoys the game and wants to be better. He plays anyone who will give him a game. He occasionally wins against other beginners. He loses to the stronger players when he gets a chance to play them. This player has 24 hours available to work on chess over the next 12 weeks. What is the best way for this player to improve? Suppose the options are, 1) continue attending chess club for the next 12 weeks, or 2) stay at home and study two hours a week for the next 12 weeks. The study material is Logical Chess Move By Move by Irving Chernev (mentioned above by msluyter). The book covers 33 master-level games in two categories: kingside attack, and queen's pawn opening. Chernev, a Grandmaster, explains the reasoning behind every move in all 33 games. When the player shows up at chess club on week 25, will he be better off having chosen option 1 or option 2?

Reading, watching and in depth analysis might be necessary conditions for true greatness but they do not constitute the biggest part of improvement/greatness.

The biggest part is the ability to move a large part of the necessary skillset to your unconscious mind. As a joke Capablanca said "I only see one move ahead, but it is always the best one", this is how every strong chess player thinks, they can instantly evaluate the position. It is just like once you have learned to drive well, you would recognize a potentially dangerous situation(a child playing with a ball on a sidewalk) without actually thinking about it consciously.

I believe this is how the best programmers work too, they have an immediate grasp of possible techniques they can apply without necessarily thinking about them or looking them up in google.

You become great at your craft when you internalize/obtain unconscious mastery of a large number of techniques in your craft. You become truly great when you can combine these techniques in novel ways.

I will mostly speak about chess, because I am an average programmer and average mathematician but am a pretty good chess player near IM strength FM (2350) and have spoken to various strong chess players (up to 2700) on this subject.

There have been players who have become very strong with very little reading (GM Flohr is a famous example from 1930s) but with a lot of playing, however I am not aware of anyone who become good without practice.

So let's start with a simple example. You must absolutely learn how the pieces move, this would be equivalent to what loops and conditionals are in a programming language. If you have to think how the horsie jumps when playing, you are not going to get very far.

A more complicated example, it is very useful to be aware of the standard h7/h2 sacrifice. As you get stronger, you develop a better sense on when this sacrifice will be strong and when it will be likely fail, even before starting to calculate consciously.

How do you obtain this knowledge, the best way is iterative by playing and applying in practice what you learned.

Dunno about chess, but when it comes to doing original pure math research, bookwork is necessary but not sufficient. Practice is also necessary, and lots of it. Even when it comes to reading math textbooks, the exercises are the most important part.

Not really. The practice in knowledge work is to read and watch. That is in itself the practicing.

You must work and do to become great at something.

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