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All of these datasets seem to be some kind of unweighted graph with no additional information (except community information in some cases).

Does anyone know where one can find richer network data sets? i.e. a graph in which the vertices have some attributes.

Not sure I agree. For example there's a patents set:

with included patent classification data. You can also join the WikiTalk set:

against Wikipedia data. You can obtain more node attributes for these (and others) easily by joining against public sets.