Why It Pays to Be a Jerk
theatlantic.com
theatlantic.com
It must be nice to be able to just make up and use a method for identifying "narcissists" without having to test whether the people you're identifying as narcissists are, in fact, narcissists. In my opinion, if this is how you do research you can hardly call what you do science.
If that is your measure of narcissism, then it's fine -- but it should probably be called something else. I wouldn't be surprised at all if the first CEO in the above example was more successful than the second.
It's not mentioned in the abstract either, but I don't know whether we'd expect it to be.
When admitting mistake, use "we". Teamwork you know.
I believe that set a record for fewest minutes on screen in an Oscar-winning role. (Judi Dench as Queen Elizabeth in Shakespeare in Love.)
Still does not pay to be an asshole though. If you want to call them assholes - I believe Jobs and Patton would have been just as successful if they had not been. But their legacies are (maybe forever) tarnished because of it.
Patton could have just as easily not gotten the chance to stage his magnificent campaign across Europe - just because of an "asshole" move. It wasn't worth it. Proves that people do still care about how others are treated.
Except the research doesn't support this opinion.
"Being nice" doesn't get you anywhere, but that's not the same as being a giver.
the slapping incidents were an example to Eisenhower, Marshall, and other leaders of Patton's brashness and impulsiveness
His most successful and famous campaigns can be described as brash and impulsive!
Larry is guilty of a lot of things - but his high profile was very calculated and served business interests.
I'm getting the impression that Larry is checking out now; the engagement he had ten years ago doesn't seem to be there anymore.
So I asked why we bought it. I was told that Larry took any opportunity to buy a potential competitor. My role would be to spend perhaps a year understanding their technology deeply. Then some number of months creating an integration plan for any technology we might want to keep. Then managing an Oracle team responsible for integrating the technology into Oracle products. And finally winding down the company.
Well, I've spent my entire career creating things. And now I was being asked to destroy things. So I thought "Is this what I want to do?". So I turned down an offer that was really coming from Larry and senior management - I figured it was time to go. (This was over 10 years ago - Larry was still very involved.)
What inspired me to ask is that John Cullinane had earlier volunteered the same question to me, and given the opposite answer, which also surprised me.
This was all in the late 1980s. And it was a staple of my conversations with Larry that he blast other people, commonly in quite humorous terms.
Larry's also the person who first told me of the bit about almost everybody thinking they were above average ...
Of course there is still the slight problem of determining whatever correlates you have found actually correlate with an abstract state like narcissism.
This is rampant in socio/psycho academia and professionals. Not saying ALL of them are like this but in general, it is not a quantitative or strictly scientific field. Lot of the work done in this industry is self-fulfilling prophecies and their time is mostly spent on fabricating/bending truths and hard facts and say "here's a statistically significant outcome therefore assholes are great leaders".
It's laughable and I've stopped reading the article because I felt like it's built on the same shoddy science work and poor understanding of statistics and it's significance.
The problem with words is that people think they have a specific meaning. He created one for his study -- narcissism is defined as some weighted combination of those metrics.
Consider two independent fair die rolls, with A and C being the outcomes. Let B be the sum of the outcomes. The higher A is, the higher B is likely to be, so A and B are positively correlated. So are B and C. However there is no correlation between A and C as they are independent.
Yeah, that was his point. Hope doesn't cut it. You kind of have to go off and prove your formula does correlate highly with true narcissism, not just skip on to the next step.
What is wrong with making up and using a narcissism metric and seeing what it correlates with? It's how social science is done, and how you discover results that are worth exploring. Get off your high horse.
> It's how social science is done, and how you discover results that are worth exploring.
Do you see the problem here? If you invent metrics, assume they work, then only pursue the ones that produce results "worth exploring"... can you see the problem?
Keep in mind that even the GP's original quote included at least two references to the difficulty in measuring the trait ('tricky' and 'had to use indirect measures'). It's not like the researcher boldly strode forth and said "This is the way, have faith!". The results are also suitably couched. It seems like this "bad science!" thread is making a mountain out of a molehill.
So are you telling me that the very best way we have of establishing narcissism is the "the frequency with which the CEO’s name appeared in company press releases"??
If not, then a scientist is required to either:
a) Use the best method.
or...
b) Develop a proxy and calibrate it against the best method.
You can't just postulate a proxy for narcissism out of thin fucking air and then use it.
It scares me that I have to explain this.
Your method much less robust than the method in the article, and it might not even get past an ethics committee, for that matter - formally questioning people about whether their boss was up themselves? Think about how could that possibly backfire and significantly harm the subjects. Where would you question them - at the workplace as a job lot? Or would you track them individually outside of work, where these kinds of questions about the boss could now be seen as an organised attempt at harrassment, given the effort required?
This was an exploratory study trying something out, with explicit mention that the measures were indirect. It's not like there's an international treaty being based on it. Calm the fuck down.
To pick at one example, do you think it is easy to get time to just sit down and talk with a CEO or their employees? Particularly when the subject of your research is how narcissistic the CEO might be?
There are times to be nice and times to be a jerk. That's it. You have to listen to your instincts, an activity assiduously avoided by the Atlantic demographic.
I've noticed that as I've spent time on both sides of being nice and being mean, it's easier to turn one or the other on or off depending on the situation. Eventually, I stopped being nice (or even mean) out of obligation. I've gotten a lot happier as a result. Yes, it's also a thing to cave into being a jerk out of social pressure.
Which is when we get to the unexamined foundation of this article: that we have to be nice or mean because it will "pay off" or help our position in society. This is just a bunch of bullshit because what matters isn't your personality, it's what you contributed to the world. If that means you need to kick some ass in order for your contribution to be seen, then that's ok. On the other hand if that means you need to be super friendly and nice, that's also ok. Skipping the pretension and being real is what matters, and in a large number of cases that pays off the best anyway!
Being direct and honest saves a lot of time. However, people come from different backgrounds and have different levels of comfort in expressing themselves, so we often have to learn to deal with such people.
There is a difference between being "real straightforward" and being a jerk that just annoy others without having any nice intent behind it.
You say you have got happier, but it might be at the expense of others, and did it improve your work or the work of others, or the work of the company ? Hard to tell.
To me it sounds like you are describing how a society of reasonable people should act. That we don't live in such a society is why articles like this are useful - for reasonable people to deal with these others, who have often risen to positions of power, we must first understand them.
Speaking for myself and the current environment I'm working in, I found the article very interesting and I would very much like to know more on the subject.
Being nice in highschool only works if you are the most attractive / popular person, (so does being a jerk). If you are not so attractive / smart / good in sports, then being a Jerk or being nice won't really help you... When you are an adult, being a jerk usually never pays, unless you are surrounded by jerks and you want to fit in.
Also there is a difference between respecting people and liking people.
At least in the companies I've worked at (outside SF), if you don't step up you will just be taken advantage of and put on the sidelines. Want to be lead on the new project coming up? Don't want your boss to expect you to work this weekend? Unless SF is full of hippies in charge, it's going to be exactly the same there.
Definitively not the experience I have at working in large companies.
It is a coincidence because I have had that very same discussion with colleagues last week and we collected the stories.
In our experience being a jerk always pays off if you have higher aspiration than staying in your team (i.e. you want to be promoted or move to a different team)
Our conclusion is that big companies don't fire somebody without bullet proof objective reasons and since most employees at all level are non confrontational, the jerk are never called on their bullshit. So you get the jerk accusing everybody of murder and nobody calling him on it, which is the end of any HR move to fire him. The other option is to move them around until they end up in the position where they are less toxic.
So we all ended up with variation of stories like "The boss told us he knew the guy was a jerk, and not to worry about his attempt to sink the team: nobody is taking him seriously" that eventually conclude with the guy moving to be somebody else problem until he eventually get what he wanted ( promotion, raise, ... )
I hope in your case you at least made very sure the "jerk" wasn't right.
The article doesn't claim a "global truth", as you put it. Take the passage below, for example:
> Yet in at least three situations, a touch of jerkiness can be helpful. The first is if your job, or some element of it, involves a series of onetime encounters in which reputational blowback has minimal effect. The second is in that evanescent moment after a group has formed but its hierarchy has not. (Think the first day of summer camp.) The third—not fully explored here, but worth mentioning—is when the group’s survival is in question, speed is essential, and a paralyzing existential doubt is in the air. It was when things got truly desperate at Apple, its market share having shrunk to 4 percent, that the board invited Steve Jobs to return (Jobs then ousted most of those who had invited him back).
People who are nice, team players, selfless, etc. cluster near the top and the bottom of our hypothetical payscale graph.
People who are narcissistic, egotistical, entitled, and overall "assholes" also cluster near the top and the bottom of payscale graph.
But their data on narcissists only comes from CEOs?
I would suggest that in aggregate this tells us basically nothing about how one should act to get ahead (Except maybe "Avoid the middle road of only being an asshole sometimes?").
It does however suggest that narcissism might be more common among CEOs than in the general populace, although again, not a predictor of being a particularly successful one.
This is all of course setting aside the obvious problems of "How are they even defining these nebulous categories (In the case of narcissism, their measures were pretty unconvincing IMO. A lot of those decisions could have been made by marketing/PR people. There's sometimes value in the 'personal brand' of your CEO, even if they themselves are pretty humble in attitude) and even if we believe their definitions, how could they possibly be measuring them in a rigorous way in the wild"
I know people who tries to be stubborn to cover up their lack of knowledge.
Usually, those people are smarter than the majority but not quite smart enough to realize that they're not always right.
One thing I don't understand is why Steve Jobs took credit for some of the stuff that Jony Ive did (assumming this is true). He's already the CEO, so unless he was worried about Ive usurping his position, there was absolutely no point.
People talk behind your back and the truth will usually get out. It's just miscalculated and ego-driven with absolutely no gain, monetarily and socially.
Then we have the story of him scamming Wozniak over his fair share of the Atari bonus. Maybe Jobs thought they wouldn't have a long friendship left?
Forget nice or jerk for a moment, but would you sell your friendship with a genius for that small amount of money?
At this point in his life, Jobs was a nobody and without Wozniak, he would probably still be a nobody.
Imagine if Wozniak found out earlier. Imagine if Ive went over to a rival company.
Some of these jerks do not realize how long people hold grudges and what an angry person is capable of. A lot of it is just childish like a bully beating up some small kid for no reason.
It's not smart or assertive, just short-sighted. Look at how many revolutions were started by hunger and poverty. Millions of Irish people starved to death during the Potato Famine and evicted from their land while their landlords happily dined on lobster soup. The Irish Republican Army is still running around today.
It's people like this that breeds problem in the world. Today most of us are not dying from hunger in the first world but just go back in time a little bit and you can watch these "jerks" dining on abalones, shark fins, caviar while riding inside their cozy palanquin.
They do leave some scrap left for the peasants though, enough to stay alive, work and pay tax. But they see it as theirs to begin with, so it's ok. All that generosity "trickling down".
Being a jerk pays, until it doesn't.
I have to disagree here. While Jobs might not have been a tech giant without Woz (then again, he might...NeXT, Pixar, new Apple all happened without Woz), I'm as certain as I can be that the man would have been famous no matter what. Possibly as a cult leader, a music promoter, or a politician, but famous somehow.
Also I didn't mean to use "nobody" as an insult. There's nothing wrong with being a nobody. The majority of people who lived were nobody but without them we would have nothing today.
Yes, but they probably wouldn't have happened if it weren't for "old Apple". Thus Woz still gets some credit for Jobs' success in other fields.
But you do not need to read books to learn this: actually no book will teach you this. Life will. Sadly, sometimes that it is too late.
Yea, they suffer sometimes from poor planning and bad luck, but more often than not, they'll get away with it. And they won't feel bad about it, not even a little bit.
Just see how some people cheat on their spouse and then get a sweet settlement and fat paycheck every month by order of the court. Maybe those people are secretly miserable but I doubt it. It's actually pretty clever if you think about it and nature rewards cleverness.
I reckon that it's more than 'being an asshole' It's about being yourself. If you are an asshole then be one. If you're a nice guy, be one.
You can be nice all the time, but that doesn't mean you'll be effective all the time.
It's crazy to me that we engineers are so focused on hacking systems but seem to denigrate hacking personal interactions as if it's something dirty blah blah[0].
[0] copied from my other comment.
I think that's the whole point too, there's a lot of details but in the end - if you're nicer than the other guy, he'll exploit that.
In yet another set of words - which while funny is actually exactly the same concept:
batman: i'll always beat superman, he has a strong weakness.
people: kryptonite?
batman: no, he's a nice guy, i'm not.
Before you can convince others of your skill, you have to convince yourself. And even then, you have to be willing to actually take the top spot. Plenty of people are uncomfortable with earning vast amounts of money - they might want it, but the actual process of taking surplus value from underlings is something different.
The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt. -- Bertrand Russell
Jokes aside, exuding confidence is different from being confident and orthogonal from the truthiness of you statement/position.
Being a leader means that you can exude confidence regardless of how confident you are on the data or it's source. Why? Because, at the end of the day your team needs to trust you to make the correct decision and the first thing they will measure (knowingly or unknowingly) is whether you trust yourself.
If you keep being proven wrong your team will stop trusting you. But, that will start happening a lot sooner if you don't look like you trust yourself.
tldr: being doubtful and exuding doubt in yourself are completely different things. If you are in a leadership position doing the latter is poison to your team.
On the other hand by making people a part of the decision-making process and laying bare the framework by which action is conceived and then taken, while it may be harder (sometimes very much harder) to get people to go along, they will also tolerate setbacks along the way much better. I think it is also probably much easier for people to act in a way that is consistent with the goals of the team, since they will know and be closer to what those goals actually are in the first place.
I guess what I'm getting at is, "confidence" I take to be a type of information-hiding activity. This can be made to work and is sometimes even the optimal choice, but it does require more social skill and risk on the part of the confident person.
Yeah, regression to mean definitely a thing. It can topple justifiably confident people and/or prop up frauds.
In my experience, decision by committee has never worked when times are tough. When times are tough you just need to be able to trust your leadership to know what they are doing and not micro manage them (and not have them micro-manage you).
When times aren't tough, then anything will work :)
Really, there is no such thing as full-disclosure of information or decision-making. But, you should have full-disclosure of goals so everyone is pushing in the same direction.
Your CEO will have info you don't have. Second-guessing him when times are tough will just lead to poison. And anyway, even in decision by committee you'll have people who exude confidence being able to sell their ideas better etcs. They will just do so with no accountability.
I'm not sure people tolerate setbacks any better in the long-term regardless of whether they were part of the decision or not. Humans are revisionists. I've definitely heard comments in the line of "He's the CEO, why is he asking us?" and "I said that would happen. " when things are going bad.
I think of "confidence" as complexity-hiding rather than information-hiding. Basically, it's saying "you can trust me to do my job. Worry about yours."
At the end of the day, working in any team is going to be based on how much you can trust everyone else to do their jobs. If you can't, time to move on.
Things like "putting your feet on the table" and "speaking first" are concrete and measurable, "being a jerk" is not. In fact, you cannot be "a jerk" at all, you can be somebody, who was called "a jerk" by somebody else. And why am I calling you a jerk? You can never know. Maybe I consider you being a jerk, because you don't open the door for a lady. Maybe, because you do open the door and those are being "oppressive towards female equality" or some other ridiculous thing.
http://www.amazon.com/What-Would-Machiavelli-Justify-Meannes...
Instead, found this, which gives sufficient documentation that, yeah, he probably was: http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-jerk-2011-10
Some jobs require bad people.
The difference is a cultural one. Americans don't complain when they see or experience injustice or poor behavior. Nobody will talk to a jerk like this in Europe.Or actually he will hear something. Like: "Can you take your shoes from the table Mr. Important? You are not at home! BTW, Jane did this work, not you, why are you claiming credit for her work?" I can't imagine someone telling something like this to a jerk in the US. At the same time I can't imagine someone not telling something like this to a jerk in Europe.
Also, never have seen so much politics and self-praise as in the US.
But then again, maybe a strict culture that puts everyone in their respective place, is the reason why we don't get Steve Jobs or Bill Gates success stories.
My guess is most people would agree that if you put your feet on the table and take credit where it isn't due then you're probably an ahole. But this is a stereotype of the typical 'jerk'.
It's the jerks that 'play the game' and aren't necessarily blatant that do (perhaps unfairly) well.
Almost universally, Europeans take their shoes off when entering a home. As a guest, it is expected, and failing to do so unless specifically instructed not to is rude. A majority of Americans I know do not take their shoes off at home and guests are not expected to unless specifically asked or given some cue.
Feet on a desk in an office would be considered rude in both Europe and the US, however, I have a suspicion it's considerably more rude in Europe.
Utter bullshit.
I'm sorry, but I have no more subtle response to such clueless arrogant pontificating prefaced with the typical "as an American who has spend a good amount of time in Europe".
If you had bothered to even superficially explore a single small country on the continent, you wouldn't have such a naive uninformed notion of European cultural diversity.
For you information: any such very, very, specific cultural habit, from taking of your shoes to how you have dinner, is almost certainly nowhere near "universally" true within any given European country (which historically tend to contain multiple cultures), let alone the entire continent.
That being said, I second the content, Europe is way too heterogeneous an entity to draw any continent-wide cultural conclusion.
We mix Southern Spaniards, Sicilians, Ukrainians and Bulgarians with people from the Faroe Islands, Austrians and Scots, this is a wide gamut bunch.
Try putting your shoes on the table in Europe at the same time claiming credit for someone's else work in Paris or Berlin.
Taking credit is a dick move anywhere, and if you get called on it, no one will respect you. The credit-takers who get away with it are the ones who do it in a way hat they won't get called out.
Feet on the desk or table would definitely make a person disliked in most companies. Again, Silicon Valley is an outlier, and the obnoxious Wall Street culture is pretty much extinct because most of the "alpha trader" jobs have been automated.
Also, never have seen so much politics and self-praise as in the US.
There is more tolerance (if not requirement, to some degree) for self-promotion in the US, and that's especially true of Silicon Valley. It's fairly regional, to tell the truth. The sort of person who gets funded in the Valley would be considered an overconfident tool in New York and be actively disliked in Chicago (as in, presumably, most of Europe).
That said, I know some people who've worked at Rocket Internet companies and the Samwers seem to take the stereotypically American boorishness to a whole new level.
The results are that it will be easier to do thing like Steve Jobs or Bill Gates, but at the same time easier to miss the mark even more and shoot up schools (Not saying that is an exclusively American phenomenon though).
I personally think the tradeoff is worth it. It's like being given a piano versus a "make music automatically!" iPad app. I will take the piano despite the much greater possibility of making mistakes, for the chance to make something that sounds much better.
Although this weak culture leads to some other problems, like the not complaining when they see injustice. It's that it is more difficult to develop your instincts for dealing with injustive when you don't know the expectations and rituals of the group(s) in which you are participating.
IMHO, this is mostly a presentation of non-conformity. In my experience, having lived half my life in the US and half of it elsewhere, non-conformity is punished much more severely here than in western europe. You even get ostracized here for having a different concept of what non-conformity involves.
If you look at the US media, there's almost no coverage at all of other ethical systems and other forms of individuality.
The closest thing to a break was the drop-out culture of the late 1960s. But even that burned itself out and turned into a business opportunity.
It's so incredibly pervasive, it possibly seems like the only possible world view - even though it isn't.
I wonder if, and it is a long if, we are able to throw off the shackles of our financial masters, we might see a similar, only larger, cultural explosion.
Edit: I recommend watching the making of "Aliens" [1]. Young American (J. Cameron) goes to England to direct a British film crew, experiences surprisingly big cultural clash and the whole project almost ends in chaos, even though everyone was working at a very high quality level.
Edit2: Just to preempt here, yes I know Cameron is Canadian, but he clearly comes out of American movie making culture, so I took a shortcut there.
In the West, we have some laws to deal with these problems.
In Japan and Korea, it wasn't that long ago that it was totally acceptable for your boss to smack you in the face. And you have to take it because no company will hire you if you quit.
It's still pretty bad in South Korea and China, just look up Korea Airline nut rage scandal.
The strong always oppress the weak. The weak gets angry and revolt, then they become the strong and proceed to oppress those weaker than them. This is the summary of human society and history.
Don't confuse the specific action for the intent behind it. Specific actions such as putting your shoes on the table have a high degree of cultural context surrounding them. The message they send is completely dependent on the culture of the person performing them.
All of that doesn't mean there aren't equivalent forms of aggressiveness in other cultures. Look at Hitler, for example.
http://recruitinganimal.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8345220fb69e201b...
You don't need to be a jerk and eat the last cookie but having a strong sense of "alpha" confidence in most interview-like situation pays off really well.
Next time you have an interview (or a one-on-one or a salesy meeting), try to exude some sense of power[0] (don't overdo it!) and see how the other person reacts. I know that it blew my mind the first few times I tried it.
As an aside, it's crazy to me that we engineers are so focused on hacking systems but seem to denigrate hacking personal interactions as if it's something dirty/beneath us.
[0] http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes...