Science is primarily about trying to explain the world. That's the theoretical, reasoning part. The explanations aren't derived from data; they begin as guesses.

What makes science special happens when two theories conflict and reason cannot choose between them. That's when experiment is used. (The theory which least explains the results is then rejected.)

Scientists use reason more than they use evidence, and most theories are rejected without bothering to test them.

What isn't widely acknowledged is that evidence itself isn't pure data but rather data + interpretation. Sometimes a better explanation can completely reverse the conclusion initially 'drawn' from a set of data.