Characterizing Turing's argument this way misses the mark: "We can test whether a machine is intelligent or not purely by observing its behavior in the environment."
Turing (and Ex Machina) argue that this is the only possible test, largely because arguments about consciousness dissolve into circular meaninglessness. Daniel Dennett dispenses with this best in his essay Quining Qualia: http://cogprints.org/254/1/quinqual.htm