The Roland TR-808: the drum machine that revolutionised music
theguardian.com
theguardian.com
For anyone interested, the TR-8 does a good job emulating the TR-808/909 for the most part. I find the 808 cymbal(and to a lesser degree the hi-hat) sound nowhere near as good as the original and far less adjustable. The snares don't quite have the snap I hear in my 808 samples. It should be noted though that there was quite a bit of variation from unit to unit in the TR-808. My first 808 had a nice long 2-3 second kick decay, while the second one I owned was about .5 seconds(which is why I did the mod) the hi hat and cymbals are a slightly different pitch as well.
I bought the 7x7-TR8 expansion and while somewhat useful(I like the 707 snare) the 707/727 sounds rarely get any use. The expansion did include some new takes on the 909 kick, snare and non specific clap and snap sounds. I really like to play with the new snap sounds, as it is a cool noise generator effect. I haven't seen any news around this, but it seems silly for them not to do a TR-606/DR-55 expansion pack for the TR-8. I would have bought that over the 7X7 expansion.
There is a TR-808 documentary coming out soon 808themovie.com that will have tons of artist interviews who made their name with the 808. This article did a decent job of naming music that really used an 808, as there was one a few months ago that suggested mostly 909 tracks or tracks that may have used 808 samples sporadically in them. I get a bit pedantic about that because to me, you aren't using an 808 if you loaded a drum sampler with 808 sounds. Beastie Boys licensed to ill is a great example of an album made mostly with an 808(but synced up with a sequential circuits drumtraks and possibly a linndrum on one or 2 tracks) By the late 80s, most rap was made on sp-12/1200s and akai MPCs.
I'm not criticising your preference for using hardware, that's your call. Some people still like to use vinyl, and I guess that's pretty cool. And some people still like to use hardware synths. And so on... but at the end of the day, unless you're doing something on the hardware that is impossible to do with software (e.g. some kinds of scratching could be argued to be impossible to reproduce exactly without vinyls and turntables), it seems to me the only reason to use a hardware 808 is basically personal preference.
Happy to be explained why I'm wrong though. Are there any quantifiable differences between a physical 808 and a software one?
2) The physical controls on hardware make the process of creating music more tactile / intuitive / emotional. It's faster to reach and turn a knob than to click on the knob and drag it -- maybe only by a little but when you do that thousands of times it adds up.
3) The constraints of using hardware can be a useful artistic limitation, that actually increases creative output.
Mind you, in a modern CPU you can still run a few instances, but very fewer compared to regular plugins.
Often it isn't. This can be for a number of reasons:
1. Ignoring the 'leaky' nature of components and just assuming that sticking a software oscillator, followed by a low-pass filter, followed by an envelope etc... will be the same as VCO, attached to a wire, attached to a PCB, ...
A lot of old gear needs to 'warm up', it often has inconsistent characteristics from machine to machine, so each one has its own character. Reproducing the effects of the components isn't trivial and can often fail at the extremes (for example: high resonance/low cut off on a TB-303; or the self-oscillation of a Moog filter).
2. When an emulation is running as a plugin (VST, RTAS, AAX), it has to share the host machine with other plugins. Plugins include: other virtual instruments as well as virtual effects plugins and mastering plugins. There's clearly a trade off when the plugin can't use all of the juice that the host has, and therefore their emulations may compromise on time-slicing, or component emulation to save processing time. I use the Universal Audio DSP which emulates a lot of old compressors, tape machines, EQs, reverbs, etc. Some things it's exceptional at emulating (like the Pultec EQ for example), others less so, like the tape emulations.
3. I can't prove this, so take this with a pinch of salt, but there's a 'certain something' that you get from analogue gear, and perhaps that's down to the 'infinite' resolution you get from real physics. Emulations which rely on time-slicing will always create artifacts. I have lost count of the amount of times either I or friends have responded very favourably to an analogue synth or something mixed on an analogue desk (like an SSL).
I personally use a combination of both. The UAD emulations are pretty close most of the time, and remove the need to manage a really difficult device, or spend multiple thousands on a machine that's hard to get. I have a Nord Lead A1, which I would describe as a 'clean analgoue' emulation. It's not trying too hard to repro the real analogue synths, it has its own character. I have the TR-8, which sounds pretty close to the 808 and 909, but I can't help feeling something isn't right. And then I have some real Waldorf analogue synths, and everytime I use them it's like being wrapped in warm marshmellows, it's fantastic and unique in a way that my digital equipment isn't.
It nearly always comes down to a feeling, rather than something quantifiable. But that is also what music is about.
Another benefit is that the machines get me away from my computer.
CD-quality is 44.1KHz sample-rate 16-bit stereo. That's 22us per sample. That's a lot of perceptible quantization error when, it turns out, our pitch, timbre and spacial-placement sensory gear is sensitive down to the microsecond level (google "microsecond phase sensitivity" on that). A drum synthesizer done on a PC is limited to the soundcard's samplerate at output, so it's always going to be perceptibly less real than continuous analog.
A digital recording of an analog drum machine will sound indistinguishable from the original, but obviously lacks the flexibility of changing settings on the original machine.
[0] An analog circuit simulation is basically a numeric integration and differentiation engine. Having a coarse simulation timestep, especially with a simple integration method, can affect the accuracy of a simulation. See [1] for information about how this affects video game physics.
[1] http://gafferongames.com/game-physics/integration-basics/
[2] Proof by example (not written by me): "Jack_delay -- This is a small command line JACK app you can use to measure the latency of your sound card. It uses a phase measurements on a set of tones to measure the delay from the output to the input. Accuracy is about 1/1000 of a sample." -- http://kokkinizita.linuxaudio.org/linuxaudio/
The sound is incredibly hard to get right in some cases. You can simulate vinyl remarkably well with a timecode record or DJ controller and special software, but: the plugins have extremely limited range compared to the real thing and the controllers require the same investment as a turntable and timecode still needs the turntable. Nearly every used record store and thrift store has a pile of nearly-free records which are ideal for sampling: obscure stuff no one has heard of, ancient stuff that is no longer recognized by today's audience or may have even been obscure in its day.
As for preferring hardware, in my opinion it's the responsible thing to do. Because:
* Say you want to play a show. Are you going to bring a laptop in there and pray it doesn't do something insane, say... auto-discover the wifi, start installing updates during your gig? Or just crash because it has an undiscovered cooling problem an it's hotter than your usual environment with all those bodies dancing around?
* Software tends to cost money too. There are free options, but chances are you will want _something_ in your software setup that isn't free.
* Idiosyncrasies. Just like your audience wants to hear that vinyl sound, producers often want those hardware quirks. A lot of this amounts to fetishism, but sometimes there are more objective reasons.
* Dedicated functionality. Portable instruments. Playable instruments. Jamming on a PC keyboard does not give you the same response as jamming on instrument keys or pads, or whatever the instrument has that is designed to be played. You could buy a controller, but then you're back to buying hardware.
* Workflow is king. Nearly everything software needs a mouse these days. Or a dedicated hardware controller. It's a workflow-killer.
I learned the hard way that I can't produce very well with software. A few years ago I went with a nice portable piece of kit that does a little bit of everything from sampling to synthesis and mixing. When I did that everything changed drastically. I thought about music differently and really started to get my hands on it.
Hardware isn't that costly unless you need to have the most badass kit or a large setup. When my wish-list is complete, mine will have cost me about $1500. A decent laptop + Ableton Live + midi controller would be cost at least that much. That will take you far, but it's not an argument against just buying the hardware instead. Some people work better with software, and that's cool, but for anyone who works better with hardware, the word "preference" only works in the sense that "I would prefer not to have my hand chopped off." It probably goes both ways, but I couldn't tell you about that. ;)
3d printers aren't advanced enough for TR-808 to be freely available on torrents though.
Mind me asking what you use? :)
(and while i agree with the gist of your post -- well said! -- a minor nitpick is that even truly poor college students will probably have at least some sort of computer which could produce sound, making it tempting not to shell out for hardware, even if for some people [me included] work better with touchy feely knobs and sliders)
I find gear lists distasteful so I won't go into much detail about most things, but I will give you an idea of what I have going on.
The thing I mentioned in the post is the OP-1: https://www.teenageengineering.com/products/op-1 (built-in synths, samplers, mic, radio, 4-track, sequencers...) It's my workhorse.
I like sampling, so there's a turntable and cassette deck. I like sampling a lot, so I'm getting another sampler.
I also have a subsynth to cover the areas the OP-1 synths don't. (They're very good, but each is specialized and has only 4 or 8 parameters.)
I also use a cheap (but not noisy) DJ mixer since I only need to mix two channels, and doing cuts with the crossfader when sampling is handy. The rest of it is cables, speakers, headphones and a few things I never use.
It's expensive but well worth it for the people who click with it. I would recommend trying one before you buy it, especially if you can spend a good amount of time with it. I felt a little let down during my first week or so with it, but then it clicked and became instantly essential. It doesn't go that way for everyone, but it seems most people end up loving it.
So you own them because they are the actual thing, not the reproduction. Why do collectors buy original art? They could just buy the print?
Yet, even cooler than just some artwork or other collectible end product, these are cherished tools of creation that are still culturally relevant.
Personal preference vs. sonic value is a false binary. It's so much more than that.
I hate softsynths on OS X because it's not stable enough. I have two synths that were made in the 1980s and they don't need any software updates to run. You just plug them in and turn them on.
Hardware lasts for a very long time. Software, you don't really buy it, you rent it for the brief lifespan of your computer.
Emulating analog gear is difficult for the same reason that writing software which simulates any real-world process is difficult. TLDR: everything louthy said.
Even emulating digital gear, which logically should be much easier, is still a challenge. I have a Korg Wavestation and a Korg M1. Both are 100% digital. Both are well-emulated in Korg's popular and well-regarded Legacy Collection. But well-emulated isn't the same as exactly reproduced. And Korg supports the Legacy Collection now, but they won't forever.
I can't even trust operating systems to work properly when I install them. I'm not risking my ability to make music on the incredibly widespread incompetence of programmers, even at the best companies on earth, when all I have to do is put down less than $200.
Look at the bug trackers for any open source project from Apple or Google. Apple's still got WebKit bugs around arbitrary cookie resets from at least ten years ago. Or look at iTunes. The demand for programmers is so intense that you can be an utter incompetent and still have a terrific career.
If the best companies on earth can't get their shit together, how on earth is some music company going to do it?
Also, no two 808s ever sound exactly alike. The 808 is still unbeaten when it comes to claps and kicks.
Emulations are getting better and better, but you're never going to get a picture of a sunset which is more beautiful than being there. The only truly, unequivocally successful emulation project ever is the x0xb0x, which "emulated" the Roland TB-303 by taking it apart.
We have two--count 'em, two--analog electrical engineers with too much time on their hands working on this project. An original TB-303 was diassembled and reverse-engineered to verify the schematic. The original transistors were analysed using big expensive curve-tracers to determine their characteristics. We measured every waveform and counted every cycle to give you the best sound...its just like the original because it IS the original.
Not sure what you mean here. People have been using OS X to make music professionaly, including in huge $10.000/day studios, for a decade, with Pro Tools, Logic and Cubase. They also use it live, in 90% of electronic music lives you'll see one or more Mac laptops.
Now, while a few plugins or some hosts might crash (they're software after all, and quality varies) now and then, with something like Reason that you mention there are hardly ANY crashes ever.
And, since I've also used Windows for music for a long time (Cubase mostly) and my brother still uses it full-time as a pro, it's not like things are any more stable there. But still, stable enough to get thousands of professionals using Windows/PT/Cubase/etc too.
And don't get me started on the BS idea that Linux based DAWs are "more stable" because of "Linux = rock solid" etc stuff. Linux DAWs are few, with few commiters, lacking in UI refinements, and more importantly lacking in basic functionality. They are also a pain to setup (unless you want to work with just simple audio and some of their native plugins, and no MIDI, VST etc), and crash all the time. Been there, done that.
Now, of course a M1 or a modern synth will be "always there" and more stable that an computer plugin, but stuff like:
>* I'm not risking my ability to make music on the incredibly widespread incompetence of programmers, even at the best companies on earth*
puzzles me. It's not like the potential for instability of this "widespread incompetence of programmers" prevented all professional artists currently employed to produce records with DAWs and plugins.
I recently learned from Rob Swire's AMA of Pendulum fame that were running Linux gear on stage: http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/2pi4ek/we_are_knife_pa...
But yeah, Linux music production is a pain: lack of decent VSTs, Jack/Pulseaudio are suboptimal to say the least, even native DAWs like Renoise give headaches to run. I just reinstalled Windows because I missed Ableton and ASIO so much.
- Hackability: Hardware is the "open-source" of the music world. If I have the hardware, there's nothing anyone can do to stop me from tweaking it in some way. I can open up any of my synths and solder components to cables in order to patch in CV to various parts of the synth that the manufacturers never intended. Additionally, modular synths are totally DIY and you build each component, then route them in various ways. In fact, much of the allure of hardware synths comes from the ability to run patch cables between components...changing the routing could mean changing the entire sound.
- Personality: Hardware analog synths, especially vintage hardware, have their own personality due to the erosion of their components. Typically, the older a piece of hardware gets, the more interesting and complex its sounds become. The tuning and accuracy of each VCO and VCF are affected over time and this becomes apparent when you leave the synth running for a while (letting it "warm up"). It takes a while, but I've made some pretty amazing sounds using my college's Moog Modular and ARP 2600 (when I still went there). Digital hardware and software synths will always sound the same no matter what year you turn them on. This is great for performers, but it makes old digital gear disposable while old analog gear is valuable.
- Tactile control: You just can't beat the feeling of twisting knobs and hitting pads. It's so god damn fun. Plus, I'm a performer at heart...it's more entertaining to look at someone banging on hardware than it is to see them staring at a computer screen. In fact, myself and several of my peers have been working on a "no-computers" live set in which the entire set is made up of analog synths and no computers are used on stage, to avoid a central point of failure should anything bad happen.
All that being said, I still don't own an 808 and I still wouldn't. Why? Because the 808, while it is analog machinery, is quite limited in its abilities to tweak each sound. You can't just synthesize a drum sound from scratch with the 808, you have to use the 808 kick no matter what. So in my opinion, there's not really a reason to own those old drum machines these days. If you want the tactile control, get a TR-8...the samples in it sound great! If you just want to play with 808 samples, download them from that sample thread on /r/electronicmusic or something. Sounds pretty much the same at the end of the day.
I do own a TB-303 though. There's just nothing else like that original acid sound. The x0xb0x, however, is much more stable and I use that while playing out...keeping the 303 in the studio for when I produce. I'd rather not risk that getting broken because it has a lot of sentimental value to me. Much of my favorite electronic music uses the 303 somewhere in its production.
1) For one, music is about inspiration, and the hardware can be more inspirational -- even if for pure psychological reasons.
2) The tactile feel of the hardware lets you explore it hands on, and is more immediate and rewarding than clicking on a screen (can still be better even from using a modern plasticky MIDI controller with pads, since those are multi-purpose not task specific). With hardware you approach and program stuff differently.
3) Each hardware unit (analog, that is) can have a slightly unique character, from both changes that happened to it over time, and also from slight variations in the production run and compenents (especially in those times). Plugins that try to emulate that that in full (e.g. from self-oscillation to tuning instability to zero-latency filters) exist, but are CPU monsters (e.g. Diva).
4) Hardware also has to be recorded in, which adds another element of coloring to the sound.
5) Beatboxes like this are also nice for live performances (including live programming).
6) Plug-ins are disposable. A hardware unit can go up in price as time goes by.
Some circuits can be "solved" to perfect accuracy, but when you get into non-linear effects like distortion, you no longer have clean mathematical models to implement.
Here's a video tutorial of some producers walking you through this technique, with a real 808 and an EMU 6400 ultra sampler:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yheX4yrOOQI
Here's Truly One by Origin Unknown, which uses two 808 samples a semitone apart so that they beat against each other, another of the many many 808 techniques:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNNg6UYoDTI
(What a record. Feel the rush!)
The 909 has been the standard kick for house, techno, et al for a long time with little need for modification.
In the hands of an expert, almost any drum machine can be amazing. For example, I never understood / liked old Alesis drum machines, but wow:
The definitive 808 track for me has always been Polygon Window by The Dice Man off of the still absolutely amazing first Artificial Intelligence compilation album, one of the defining electronic music albums ever put together.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHwyzz2LMWA
Laurent Garnier - Acid Eiffel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdeVX7UjeIk
Dave Clark - Thunder (This uses very extreme compression on the 909)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMxGHEpdyCs
All three tracks also use the Roland TB-303 Bass Line synth.
And to fill it all in, some classic 303 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0f7cylz6tl4
With a couple 303s, and 808 and a 909 (and a sparse set of effects), you can produce a big part of late 90s, early 2000s EDM.
CYFI is a Juno 2, no 303 in there.
http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/video-archive/lectures/la...
then I believe so.
The important bit of gear on that record is the 4 track tape deck and the alesis reverb, which is what turns everything into that haze of cybernetic bliss.
Looks amazing.
No telling if it is any good though BBC is fairly reliable.
But it was fun.
now touch version on ipad. I haven't tried it but I'm not convinced the knobs work better on touch than they would have on the computer.
http://www.djtechtools.com/2015/05/07/artist-gear-setup-jame...
"That 808 bump makes you put your hands up." - fly like a g6
Here's Marley breaking down how he created the beat. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IxUXfhC8TI
I'm still waiting for someone in techno to make an album called "909s and Ecstasy".
Big K.R.I.T. wrote a 808-themed creation story, and featured the song on his 2014 album, Cadillactica
Anyway good read.