Is Greek / Roman / Norse mythology (basically everything Western that isn't Christianity) not considered religion? Because maybe I'm just blind but I can't seem to find those anywhere in the tree.
For example, Christianity borrows elements of Zoroastrianism and Judaism is actually derived from ancient Babylonian polytheism. Maybe I just didn't see it, but Confucianism seems to be missing too.
That isn't true. At best, and even this is debated, there are some traces, but it's not in the slightest "derived from".
Yahweh was the national god of the Israelites, who were part of the Canaanite polytheistic system. In the context of Yahweh being a warrior deity in a polytheistic system, the phrase "there are no other gods like our god," and also the crusades against neighboring settlements seem to take on more meaning.
Interesting reading: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahweh
Also no.
Yahweh is clearly at a level "above all gods", i.e. on his own level as omnipotent creator of all things. Angels and fallen angels (aka demons/ heavenly hosts and other "gods") are on a second level of power/influence, and then earthly creations below that.
As such, Yahweh doesn't "compete" against other (lower-case) gods, because they're not omnipotent creators and he is.
Although the Israelites were pretty famous for rejecting him and worshiping lower-case gods, (and subsequently incurring Yahweh's wrath), there's never a question that he is the I AM and not any derivation.
So yes, Judaism is descended and evolved from Canaanite religion.
Your own links make no claim at all that the religion itself has any relationship with the Canaanite religions.
Regarding the direction, do not forget that Abraham was very active in the region, and proselytized extensively. It is hardly surprising if the Canaanites took some concepts from him.
I understand that you are simply repeating what you learned, but you learned inaccurate information.
It's possible your mistake is because there are some that believe that the Canaanite religions and Judaism were practiced in parallel by the same peoples, but one is not descended from other.
Whoah. Be careful slinging around the F-bomb, bro.
When talking about causation of events where there is no data, much less reproducible data, you certainly have room to disagree with some evidence and prefer others, but it goes too far to claim "Judaism is actually derived from ancient Babylonian polytheism" is unassailable fact.
That may your belief--and you may interpret some evidence to support your belief--but as you'll be quick to point out to others, having a belief doesn't mean it's true.
The bar for something being a fact is higher than that.
But it isn't really because the map isn't "complete enough", I'd say the whole taxonomy is a bit weird. It makes it look like there were several "major" religions like "Chinese folk Taoism" and "Japanese Mythology" which produced everything else, when if fact they are not "major" at all: it would be more accurate to start from general spiritual cults, where every concrete local religion would be thin line as well. Of course it wouldn't look like real tree, and it shouldn't.
Wikipedia, as always can provide somewhat decent insight: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_religion