Origin of Quake3's Fast InvSqrt()
beyond3d.com
beyond3d.com
Apparently, what they meant was "1/sqrt", so ideally the function should have been called "ReciprocalSqrt" or something like that.
In fact, this is so confusing that I would argue that's actually just an incorrect name for what the function does.
It's true that mathematicians write "sin^-1" to mean the "inverse sin" function, for example, but they never mean 1/sin(x) when they do this, and they would never say "inverse sin" to mean "1/sin(x)".
http://stereopsis.com/computermath101/
-Ben